Blockchain Secured “Smart Buildings” as Cyber Physical Systems

Abstract

Blockchain, often associated with cryptocurrencies, has been lately realized to have immense potential across other domains too vide Blockchain 2.0 and futuristic Blockchain 3.0 versions. Blockchain has magnified itself beyond cryptocurrencies and has a universal appeal ranging across variety domains. Though still at inception stage, but a variegated options and choices have emerged on how blockchain can benefit and make the world better with its immutability, smart contracts and transparency features. Also we have evolving cyber physical systems (CPS), which are consolidations of new generation computing methods, physical and networking operations. In CPS, the embedded computing technologies and networks proctor and check the physical functions, with feedback loops where physical processes bear upon computing part and contrariwise. CPS incorporates the kinetics of the physical operations with software and networking, delivering abstractions and simulating, conceptions, and analysis techniques for the complete system. This paper will discuss and propose the deployment of the CPS Smart building (CPS-SB) network based on an Ethereum private blockchain system mechanized by smart contracts and also discuss inherent challenges on a IoT Simulator (Cupcarbon). The proposal allows for operation of self sustaining CPS-SB based on smart contracts to realize predictive building controls.

A Decade Review on Smart Cities: Paradigms, Challenges and Opportunities

“…Ubiquitous cities are different from virtual cities. Virtual cities reproduce urban elements by visualizing them in a virtual space, and ubiquitous cities are created by including computer chips or sensors in the urban elements [27][28] [29].…”