Blockchain-enabled resource management and sharing for 6G communications

Xu, Hao; Klaine, Paulo Valente; Onireti, Oluwakayode; Cao, Bin; Imran, Muhammad Ali; Zhang, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2020.06.002

Cited by 161 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Blockchain technology, which has shown great potentials in various fields such as financial services, energy trading, supply chain, identity management, and the Internet of Things (IoT) [19], [20] could address the trust, privacy, security, and transparency issues associated with the existing contact tracing technologies. Blockchains are distributed databases organized using a hash tree, which is naturally tamper-proof and irreversible [21].…”

Section: Blockchain As the Backbone For Privacy-preserving Informmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of notification of blockchain, at the scale of 10,000 confirmed cases per day (see details in user side analysis), the total amount of storage required is far less (a few GB comparing with several hundreds of TB). Though the main computing resources are for geodata solving, it is worth mentioning the actual computing cost of blockchain mining is an arbitrary value decided by the consensus itself, in our case, preferred consensus like PBFT and RAFT only requires a marginal computing requirement for the miner nodes, and for the Proof-of-work and Proof-of-Stake, the computing requirement is decided by the difficulty of the nonce solving [20], which is affected by the TPS and security requirement for the whole network.…”

Section: B Blockchain Performance Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BeepTrace: Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond

Zhang

Onireti

et al. 2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

Self Cite

176

118

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The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an urgent need for effective contact tracing solutions through mobile phone applications to prevent the infection from spreading further. However, due to the nature of contact tracing, public concern on privacy issues has been a bottleneck to the existing solutions, which is significantly affecting the uptake of contact tracing applications across the globe. In this paper, we present a blockchain-enabled privacy-preserving contact tracing scheme: BeepTrace, where we propose to adopt blockchain bridging the user/patient and the authorized solvers to desensitize the user ID and location information. Compared with recently proposed contact tracing solutions, our approach shows higher security and privacy with the additional advantages of being battery friendly and globally accessible. Results show viability in terms of the required resource at both server and mobile phone perspectives. Through breaking the privacy concerns of the public, the proposed BeepTrace solution can provide a timely framework for authorities, companies, software developers and researchers to fast develop and deploy effective digital contact tracing applications, to conquer COVID-19 pandemic soon. Meanwhile, the open initiative of BeepTrace allows worldwide collaborations, integrate existing tracing and positioning solutions with the help of blockchain technology.

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Section: Blockchain As the Backbone For Privacy-preserving Informmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Blockchain Performance Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

BeepTrace: Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond

Zhang

Onireti

et al. 2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

Self Cite

176

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The concept of blockchain is opening new avenues to conduct businesses. Blockchain provides trust, transparency, security, autonomy among all the participating individuals in the network [78]. As far as the telecommunication industry is concerned, innovation in a competitive environment with reduced cost is the most important parameter for the successful businesses in the telecommunication industry.…”

Section: Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

The shift to 6G communications: vision and requirements

Akhtar

Hassan

Ghaffar

et al. 2020

Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci.

189

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The sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication network is expected to integrate the terrestrial, aerial, and maritime communications into a robust network which would be more reliable, fast, and can support a massive number of devices with ultra-low latency requirements. The researchers around the globe are proposing cutting edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML), quantum communication/quantum machine learning (QML), blockchain, tera-Hertz and millimeter waves communication, tactile Internet, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), small cells communication, fog/edge computing, etc., as the key technologies in the realization of beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G communications. In this article, we provide a detailed overview of the 6G network dimensions with air interface and associated potential technologies. More specifically, we highlight the use cases and applications of the proposed 6G networks in various dimensions. Furthermore, we also discuss the key performance indicators (KPI) for the B5G/6G network, challenges, and future research opportunities in this domain.

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“…However, one should also consider the emerging challenges with this new approach, e.g., overhead of using the distributed ledger network or the privacy issues. For instance, the storage and computation burden on devices such as IoT, which are generally resource constrained, suffer from complexity challenges, thus limiting their participation in the blockchain network [53].…”

Section: A Dlt and Spectrum Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansive networks: Exploiting spectrum sharing for capacity boost and 6G vision

Gûr

2020

J. Commun. Netw.

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Adaptive capacity with cost-efficient resource provisioning is a crucial capability for future 6G networks. In this work, we conceptualize "expansive networks" which refers to a networking paradigm where networks should be able to extend their resource base by opportunistic but self-controlled expansive actions. To this end, we elaborate on a key aspect of an expansive network as a concrete example: Spectrum resource at the PHY layer. Evidently, future wireless networks need to provide efficient mechanisms to coexist in the licensed and unlicensed bands and operate in expansive mode. In this work, we first describe spectrum sharing issues and possibilities in 6G networks for expansive networks. We then present security implications of expansive networks, an important concern due to more open and coupled systems in expansive networks. We also discuss two key enablers, namely distributed ledger technology (DLT) and network intelligence via machine learning, which are promising to realize expansive networks for the spectrum sharing aspect.

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Blockchain-enabled resource management and sharing for 6G communications

Cited by 161 publications

References 25 publications

BeepTrace: Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond

BeepTrace: Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond

The shift to 6G communications: vision and requirements

Expansive networks: Exploiting spectrum sharing for capacity boost and 6G vision

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