Blockchain Based Solutions to Mitigate Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks in the Internet of Things (IoT): A Survey

Shah, Zawar; Ullah, Imdad; Li, Huiling; Levula, Andrew; Khurshid, Khurram

doi:10.3390/s22031094

Cited by 57 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…This survey is motivated by the realization that SDN tends to be a feasible alternative for IoT network architectures that ✓ ✓ ✓ OpenFlow (OF), NFV, Middleware [20] ✓ ✓ OF, NFV, Middleware [21] ✓ ✓ ✓ NFV [22] ✓ NFV [23] ✓ ✓ ✓ NFV, Middleware [24] ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NFV, OF [25] ✓ NFV, OF [26] ✓ Middleware, OF [27] ✓ ✓ ✓ Middleware, NFV [28] ✓ ✓ ✓ Blockchain [29] ✓ ✓ ✓ Blockchain [30] ✓ ✓ ✓ Middleware [31] ✓ ✓ Middleware [32] ✓ Middleware [33] ✓ Middleware, NFV [34] ✓ ✓ Blockchain [35] ✓ ✓ Blockchain [36] ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Blockchain [37] ✓ ✓ ✓ Blockchain [38] ✓ ✓ OF [39] ✓ Blockchain [40] ✓ Blockchain [41] ✓ Blockchain [42] ✓ ✓ NFV [43] ✓ Middleware [44] ✓ ✓ Blockchain [45] ✓ Blockchain [46] ✓ ✓ Blockchain [47] ✓ ✓ NFV, OF [48] ✓ NFV, OF [49] ✓ ✓ Edge Computing, NFV [50] ✓ NFV [51] ✓ NFV [52] ✓ NFV, Blockchain [53] ✓ ✓ Blockchain [54] ✓ ✓ NFV [55] ✓ ✓ Blockchain [56] ✓ ✓ ✓ NFV, Middleware [57] ✓ ✓ ✓ Middleware, Blockchain [58] ✓ ✓ ✓ Blockchain,NFV [59] ✓ ✓ ✓ NFV, Middleware, Blockchain [60] ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NFV, Middleware [61] ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NFV, Middleware,Blockchain Our Survey ✓ ✓ ✓ ...…”

Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Software-Defined Networking-Based IoT Frameworks: A Systematic Literature Review, Taxonomy, Open Challenges and Prospects

et al. 2022

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Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized as one of the leading actors for the next evolutionary stage in the computing world. IoT-based applications have already produced a plethora of novel services and are improving the living standard by enabling innovative and smart solutions. However, along with its rapid adoption, IoT technology also creates complex challenges regarding the management of IoT networks due to its resource limitations (computational power, energy, and security). Hence, it is urgently needed to refine the IoT-based application's architectures to robustly manage the overall IoT infrastructure. Software-defined networking (SDN) has emerged as a paradigm that offers software-based controllers to manage hardware infrastructure and traffic flow on a network effectively. SDN architecture has the potential to provide efficient and reliable IoT network management. This research provides a comprehensive survey investigating the published studies on SDN-based frameworks to address IoT management issues in the dimensions of fault tolerance, energy management, scalability, load balancing, and security service provisioning within the IoT networks. We conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the research studies (published from 2010 to 2022) focusing on SDN-based IoT management frameworks. We provide an extensive discussion on various aspects of SDN-based IoT solutions and architectures. We elaborate a taxonomy of the existing SDN-based IoT frameworks and solutions by classifying them into categories such as network function virtualization, middleware, OpenFlow adaptation, and blockchain-based management. We present the research gaps by identifying and analyzing the key architectural requirements and management issues in IoT infrastructures. Finally, we highlight various challenges and a range of promising opportunities for future research to provide a roadmap for addressing the weaknesses and identifying the benefits from the potentials offered by SDN-based IoT solutions.

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Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Security challenges related to container-based virtualization technologies are also a popular topic. However, we can still ensure the security of container-based architectures by running them on top of VMs by using an adaptive approach [61].…”

Section: A Network Function Virtualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Software-Defined Networking-Based IoT Frameworks: A Systematic Literature Review, Taxonomy, Open Challenges and Prospects

et al. 2022

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“…On 21 October 2016, the biggest DDoS attack was performed using Mirai IoT malware. The consequences of this attack were hours-long outages and service interruptions for some popular websites such as Amazon, Netflix, Twitter, and others [29,30]. According to Balaban, in 2014, a DDoS attack estimated at 400 gigabits per second slammed Cloudflare, a cybersecurity service and content delivery network [31].…”

Section: Overview Of Denial-of-service (Dos) Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refined LSTM Based Intrusion Detection for Denial-of-Service Attack in Internet of Things

Alimi

Ouahada

Abu‐Mahfouz

et al. 2022

JSAN

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology that allows numerous devices to be connected for ease of communication. The heterogeneity and ubiquity of the various connected devices, openness to devices in the network, and, importantly, the increasing number of connected smart objects (or devices) have exposed the IoT network to various security challenges and vulnerabilities which include manipulative data injection and cyberattacks such as a denial of service (DoS) attack. Any form of intrusive data injection or attacks on the IoT networks can create devastating consequences on the individual connected device or the entire network. Hence, there is a crucial need to employ modern security measures that can protect the network from various forms of attacks and other security challenges. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems have been identified globally as viable security solutions. Several traditional machine learning methods have been deployed as IoT IDS. However, the methods have been heavily criticized for poor performances in handling voluminous datasets, as they rely on domain expertise for feature extraction among other reasons. Thus, there is a need to devise better IDS models that can handle the IoT voluminous datasets efficiently, cater to feature extraction, and perform reasonably well in terms of overall performance. In this paper, an IDS based on redefined long short-term memory deep learning approach is proposed for detecting DoS attacks in IoT networks. The model was tested on benchmark datasets; CICIDS-2017 and NSL-KDS datasets. Three pre-processing procedures, which include encoding, dimensionality reduction, and normalization were deployed for the datasets. Using key classification metrics, experimental results obtained show that the proposed model can effectively detect DoS attacks in IoT networks as it performs better compared to other methods including models from related works.

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“…In the focus of authors is on the DDoS attacks at the network layer; however, Chaganti et al (2022) discussed technologies on an IoT protocol stack to mitigate DDoS attacks, such as IPv6, IEEE 802.15.4, 6LoWPAN, etc. However, Shah et al (2022) did not mention blockchainbased solutions that mitigate DDoS attacks. Tayyab et al (2020) take the approach that each IDS in the network acts as a blockchain node and collaborate with other blockchain IDS nodes to share the attack information like correlated alarms.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper aims to fill in this research gap by categorizing and critically evaluating various blockchain-based solutions to mitigate DDoS attacks in IoT. Another novelty of our work is to propose future work directions that can be explored by other researchers to propose better blockchain solutions to mitigate DDoS attacks in IoT (Shah et al, 2022).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Cloud Infrastructure from DDOS Assaults the use of Blockchain to Achieve Cloud Security

Alghmadi¹,

Alghamdi²

2022

IJCCR

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Cloud Infrastructure has become the need of the hour which has resulted in increasing interest of attackers. The most prominent attack on the cloud in recent years is DDoS. DDoS attack results in service unavailability due to a botnet that overflood the network with service requests. The blockchain technology used to diminish DDoS has not yet been completely researched and arranged. This project will survey, and position cutting-edge DDoS decrease arrangements in light of blockchain technology. Considering our research, we will likewise talk about the research difficulties and future headings for executing a blockchain-based DDoS moderation arrangement. We expect this project will fill in as a beginning stage and reference for future researchers attempting to recognize and moderate denial of service attacks utilizing blockchain technology.

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Blockchain Based Solutions to Mitigate Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks in the Internet of Things (IoT): A Survey

Cited by 57 publications

References 109 publications

Toward Software-Defined Networking-Based IoT Frameworks: A Systematic Literature Review, Taxonomy, Open Challenges and Prospects

Toward Software-Defined Networking-Based IoT Frameworks: A Systematic Literature Review, Taxonomy, Open Challenges and Prospects

Refined LSTM Based Intrusion Detection for Denial-of-Service Attack in Internet of Things

Protecting Cloud Infrastructure from DDOS Assaults the use of Blockchain to Achieve Cloud Security

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