Blockchain Applications – Usage in Different Domains

Jaoude, Joe Abou; Saadé, Raafat George

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2902501

Cited by 225 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Jaroodi et al [8] presented the benefits and the challenges of using blockchain for financial, healthcare, logistics, manufacturing, energy, food and agriculture, robotics, construction, telecommunications, and entertainment applications. A similar study is carried out by Jaoude et al [9]. Hölbl et al [10] conducted a systematic review of blockchain in healthcare.…”

Section: Related Surveysmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…While there has been a lot of attention paid towards the blockchain technology, there have been relatively few surveys conducted in this area. These surveys can be classified into one of the 3 categories: (1) applications [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], (2) privacy issues and security threats [14][15][16], and (3) consensus protocols [1,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Related Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Article A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

2019

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Over the last decade, blockchain technology has emerged to provide solutions to thecomplexity and privacy challenges of using distributed databases. It reduces cost for customers byeliminating intermediaries and builds trust in peer-to-peer communications. Over this time, theconcept of blockchain has shifted greatly due to its potential in business growth for enterprisesand the rapidly evolving applications in a collaborative smart-city ecosystem, healthcare, andgovernance. Many platforms, with different architectures and consensus protocols, have beenintroduced. Consequently, it becomes challenging for an application developer to choose the rightplatform. Furthermore, blockchain has misaligned with the goals for an efficient green collaborativedigital ecosystem. Therefore, it becomes critical to address this gap and to build new frameworks toalign blockchain with those goals. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of blockchain architectureand consensus protocols, bringing a retrospective analysis and discussing the rationale of theevolution of the various architectures and protocols, as well as capturing the assumptions conduciveto their development and contributions to building collaborative applications. We introduce aclassification of those architectures helping developers to choose a suitable platform for applicationsand providing insights for future research directions in the field to build new frameworks.

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Section: Related Surveysmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Related Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Article A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

2019

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show abstract

“…Jaroodi et al [8] presented the benefits and challenges of using blockchain for financial, healthcare, logistics, manufacturing, energy, food and agriculture, robotics, construction, telecommunications, and entertainment applications. A similar study is carried out by Jaoude et al [9]. Hölbl et al [10] conducted a systematic review on the use of blockchain in healthcare.…”

Section: Related Surveysmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…While there has been a lot of attention towards the blockchain technology, there are relatively few surveys conducted in this area. These survyes can be classified into one of the 3 categories: 1) applications [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], 2) privacy issues and security threats [14][15][16], and 3) consensus protocols [1,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Related Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

Ismail¹,

Materwala²

2019

Preprint

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Over the last decade the blockchain technology has emerged to provide solutions to the complexity and privacy challenges of using distributed databases. Its adoption is motivated by cost reduction for customers. Over this time, the concept of blockchain has shifted greatly due to its potential in business growth for enterprises and the rapidly evolving applications in a collaborative smart cities ecosystem, healthcare, and governance. Many platforms, with different architectures and consensus protocols, have been introduced. Consequently, it becomes challenging for an application developer to chose the right platform. Furthermore, blockchain has misaligned with the goals for efficient green collaborative digital ecosystem. Therefore, it becomes critical to address this gap and to build new frameworks to align blockchain with those goals. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of blockchain architecture and consensus protocols, bringing a retrospective analysis and discussing the rationale of the evolution of the various architectures and protocols, as well as capturing the assumptions conducting to their development and contributions to building collaborative applications. We introduce a classification of those architectures, helping developers to chose a suitable platform for applications and providing insights for future research directions in the field in building new frameworks. blockchain architecture and consensus protocol, it becomes more and more difficult to foresee the uses and applications of blockchain, therefore compounding the difficulty in achieving the goals. In 2017, the bitcoin mining used around 30.14 TerraWatt hours (TWh) of energy, which is equivalent to energy usage of the entire Ireland in a year [3]. According to a research, the annual carbon dioxide emissions by the bitcoin network are as high as 22.9 million metric tons, almost equivalent to the amount produced by the countries like Sri Lanka and Jordan [4].Further challenges have been placed on distributed applications by the expanding industrial market growth to serve a wide number of customers. Growing business requires trust and transparency between the customers and business providers. Customers require to eliminate intermediaries to reduce transactions cost. The issues of data communication overhead with increasing number of network participants further hinders the real-time services of the developed applications. Addressing these problems of energy consumption and scalability often trades off with security, and privacy. As such, the goals of this paper are four-fold: 1) we aim to provide a temporal evolution of blockchain applications development platforms architectures and consensus protocols with a retrospective analysis to their introduction. We classify the platforms and the consensus protocols under unifying architectures, and discuss various existing and upcoming blockchain applications, 2) help developers to choose the right platform architecture for applications, 3) we evaluate the current research on the topic, blockchai...

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“…In this article we present two important aspects of blockchain, namely that state of the current research and its acceptance as an underlining technology for its application in different business sectors and the important factor that influence that acceptance. We specify that the literature review is a synthesis of an article recently accepted (Aboujaoude and Saade, 2019) while the acceptance of blockchain is part of an ongoing research and includes initial results recently obtained. The motivation and justification for this research is that when we first looked at the body of knowledge in blockchain we found that most of the research focuses on technical aspects and on bitcoin and cryptocurrency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Blockchain Literature – Its Application and Acceptance

Saadé¹,

Jaoude²,

Sharma³

2019

InSITE Conference

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Aim/Purpose: To understand the current state of the body of literature in blockchain technology and propose dimensions for acceptance. Background: Blockchain technology has large promise to replace centralized and even distributed database systems. Its premise focuses on issues such as transparency, immutability, and privacy of transactions. Created for bitcoin, researchers and practitioners have begun to see its potential in different areas and industries. Its acceptance is still debatable as there are a number of issues still to be resolved. Methodology: We conducted a literature review to assess the size and scope of the body of research in the are of blockchain applications and carried a conceptual analysis for blockchain acceptance. Contribution: We provide an assessment of the body of literature in the are of blockchain and cluster the number of articles according to application groupings. We show that research in blockchain cannot be considered that it even started due to its diverse, scattered and weak related studies. At the same time, blockchain is still faced with a lot of resistance yet no one is studying its acceptance. We therefore propose dimension for its acceptance, as adapted from the very rich area of ecommerce research. Findings: Body of research is at its infancy. Research is scattered and weak. Most research is related to bitcoin and cryptocurrency. There is a great need to study the application of blockchain outside its current focus on cryptocurrency. Areas of study of blockchain applications include internet of things, energy and finance – other areas are identified. Dimensions for blockchain acceptance are proposed and include: reputation, risk, usefulness, and intentions. Recommendations for Practitioners: Blockchain has great potential to be applied in areas such as medicine, aviation and disaster relief. In terms of blockchain characteristics, practitioners have a lot of room to innovate in various approaches such as the blockchain hashing algorithm, smart contracts and peer validation. These do not need to be fixed but can vary based on the business characteristics. Recommendations for Researchers: Research in the application of blockchain can be considered as not even started. The application of blockchain is an open playground which today few have stepped in to enjoy. Research opportunities include but are not limited to energy consumption of blockchain transactions, dimensions to blockchain adoption and acceptance, adaptability of blockchain to various industries, and innovation in blockchain characteristics such as new approaches to peer validation of transactions.

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Blockchain Applications – Usage in Different Domains

Cited by 225 publications

References 87 publications

Article A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

Article A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

Review of Blockchain Literature – Its Application and Acceptance

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