Bless this phylogeographic mess – Comparative study of Eiseniella tetraedra (Annelida, Oligochaeta) between an Atlantic area and a continental Mediterranean area in Spain

Sosa, Irene de; Marchán, Daniel F.; Novo, Marta; Almodóvar, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2016.11.006

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…This variation has been evaluated in several taxonomic works; some (Blakemore, 2006; Michaelsen, 1900) considered the divergent forms as subspecies, others (Michaelsen, 1910, 1932; Omodeo, 1952, 1956; Plisko, 1965; Pop, 1952; Zicsi, 1960) considered them vaguely as “formae” or “varietates,” and finally others (Černosvitov, 1942; Michaelsen, 1932; Omodeo & Rota, 1989) considered them genetic mutations. However, (de Sosa, Marchán, Novo, Almodóvar, et al, 2017) showed that different positions of male pores have no phylogenetic basis. Length, weight and the number of segments also showed a high degree of variability, but no significant differences were found between lineages (de Sosa, Marchán, Novo, Almodóvar, et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of a riparian earthworm shows environmental factors influence genetic structure

Sosa

Marchán

Novo

et al. 2022

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The study of cosmopolitan earthworms could be even more interesting than that of endemic species in revealing evolutionary processes. Previous research on the cosmopolitan worm Eiseniella tetraedra has indicated some phylogeographic structure among populations, but the factors responsible remain unresolved. We hypothesized that environmental factors and dispersal have shaped the distribution of the species' lineages. Location Spain and Portugal; Iberian Peninsula. Taxon Eiseniella tetraedra (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida). Methods We collected 739 specimens of Eiseniella tetraedra from 65 localities around the Iberian Peninsula between 2012 and 2016. We performed phylogenetic analysis (Bayesian Inference and maximum likelihood) using two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and one nuclear marker (28S). Furthermore, we studied their genetic diversity and historic demography based on the COI gene. Correlations between genetic diversity and 22 environmental factors were tested. Results Eiseniella tetraedra showed high diversity in the Iberian Peninsula, with eight different lineages nested in two clades. We found lineages mostly restricted to the northern region, while others were distributed throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Habitat stability, that is, constant availability or lack of water, also correlated with genetic diversity. Thus, although no clear phylogeographic pattern was found, environmental factors (such as precipitation, temperature, and soil pH) and habitat stability influenced the distribution of genetic variability. Main Conclusions Eiseniella tetraedra is an earthworm with great genetic variability. We show that the ranges of species with high relative dispersal ability and ambiguous phylogeographic patterns may be better explained by influence of environmental conditions rather than specific geographic features. Adaptation to unstable conditions has been shown to confer more success on one of the two major genetic clades recovered, pointing to ecological plasticity as a key for evolutionary success.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of a riparian earthworm shows environmental factors influence genetic structure

Sosa

Marchán

Novo

et al. 2022

Journal of Biogeography

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“…All individuals were collected by manual sorting in semi-aquatic areas, usually at the edge of bodies of water, washed in distilled water, fixed in 96% ethanol, and stored at − 20 °C in the earthworm collection of the Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM-LT) with the exception of the specimen from Cyprus, which is housed in the Hungarian Natural History Museum. All newly collected material (except the Cypriot) and specimens of E. tetraedra from de Sosa et al (2017) were examined morphologically with emphasis on length, weight after fixation, number of segments, position of the clitellum and the tubercula pubertatis, position of male pores, number and position of seminal vesicles and spermatheca, and form and position of the Morren's glands, typhlosole, and nephridial vesicles. In the case of E. tetraedra, only two specimens found in Naples, Italy, from the de UCM-LT collection (voucher numbers: 30851 and 30854) were examined for the last three characteristics.…”

Section: Earthworm Sampling and Morphological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two independent analyses were performed, and 20% of the trees were discarded as burn-in. Sequences of each molecular marker for a representative of E. tetraedra (two sequences belonged to Clade I and three to Clade II (de Sosa et al, 2022) were retrieved from Domínguez et al (2015), Pérez-Losada et al (2015), andde Sosa et al (2017) and used as outgroup for the studied populations. In the tree containing other lumbricids, Criodrilus lacuum Hoffmeister, 1845 was used as an outgroup (Supplementary Table 2).…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical analyses of morphological data were conducted in Statgraphics Centurion 19 (StatPoint Technologies Inc., USA). We used length, dry weight (after letting it drip on filter paper for 30 s), and number of segments of mature specimens to investigate differences between Spanish (N. andaluciana) and Italian (E. neapolitana) populations and E. tetraedra (de Sosa et al, 2017) through non-parametric analyses (Kruskal-Wallis) followed by Fisher LSD post hoc test.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first group includes Eiseniella tetraedra (Savigny, 1826), a parthenogenetic and cosmopolitan earthworm with morphological variability, but in general: quadrangular cross-section, less than 95 segments, male pore usually in XIII, tumid porophores, and unique position of the female pores below the line of setae a (Omodeo & Rota, 1991). This species showed a high genetic diversity in the Iberian Peninsula (de Sosa et al, 2017). Perel (1967) and Zicsi (1972) revised the other group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Guess who? Taxonomic problems in the genus Eiseniella revisited by integrated approach

et al. 2022

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Eiseniella neapolitana is a semi-aquatic, diploid earthworm that for many years was related to the cosmopolitan species Eiseniella tetraedra and even considered a subspecies of it. Norealidys andaluciana was described in Spain and is usually synonymized with E. neapolitana. We collected 69 specimens from Italy, Spain, and Cyprus and studied five molecular markers (COI, 16S, 28S, 12S, and ND1) and their morphology to solve this taxonomic problem. Phylogenetic analyses reveal the possible existence of two separate genera confounded under the name Eiseniella, but the study of more molecular markers and species of the genus would be necessary to confirm this. Therefore, the synonymy between Eiseniella and Norealidys is maintained. Various genetic analyses, including species delimitation, confirm the separation between E. neapolitana and E. andaluciana (= N. andaluciana) and excluded that E. neapolitana is a subspecies of E. tetraedra. The resemblance in external appearance despite clear genetic differences of the three species could be explained by convergent adaptation to the aquatic habitat. Despite the expected low haplotype diversity based on the 28S gene, we found a surprisingly high variability in the E. andaluciana (= N. andaluciana) population in Spain. However, its stable predicted secondary structure and its high content of G + C reject the presence of a pseudogene.

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Contrasting phylogeographic patterns of earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Lumbricidae) on near-shore mediterranean islands

Marchán

Hedde

Lapied

et al. 2020

European Journal of Soil Biology

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Bless this phylogeographic mess – Comparative study of Eiseniella tetraedra (Annelida, Oligochaeta) between an Atlantic area and a continental Mediterranean area in Spain

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Phylogeography of a riparian earthworm shows environmental factors influence genetic structure

Phylogeography of a riparian earthworm shows environmental factors influence genetic structure

Guess who? Taxonomic problems in the genus Eiseniella revisited by integrated approach

Contrasting phylogeographic patterns of earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Lumbricidae) on near-shore mediterranean islands

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