Black Triangles and its Management- A Review

Abstract

In the modern, fast-paced world the concept of aesthetics is very important to all people. The degree of aesthetic value may vary from person to person but the basic idea of it is more or less equivalent in all people. Similarly, in dentistry, the value of aesthetics is very high. Open gingival embrasures or black triangle cause complex functional and aesthetic problems. Management of such problems requires careful evaluation of the underlying causes. In today's aesthetic environment where both the dentist and the patient are aware of aesthetic value, the real challenge was to reconstruct this lost papilla and moreover to obtain stable and sustainable results. This review was carried out after electronic searches in databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and MeSH. Manual searches of hard copies were also done. Studies included ranged from a time period of 1992-2016 and included clinical trial researches. A total of 19 articles were chosen for this review. These articles satisfied the various inclusion criteria and were taken after a detailed assessment of the full-length articles. Black triangles pose multiple problems both to the dentist and patients. The causes of Black triangles are multifactorial and they can occur after various dental therapies. A strong connection is found between their occurrence and post-orthodontic treatment patients. Various methods to treat these problems are present. The clinician and the patient should discuss these problems and solutions in depth before starting the treatment.

The Effect of Applying Azolla Liquid Organic Fertilizer in the Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings in Pre-Nursery

“…Various amino acids (18 kinds) and minerals (9 elements) in its biomass cause Azolla to have many uses, especially as a biological fertilizer. Biomass is easily decomposed and mineralized because it has low C/N [14], and the release of nutrients, especially nitrogen, is faster [15], so it can be utilized optimally through periodic application of Azolla POC during pre-nursery.…”

Atokiosios Ortodontinio Gydymo Komplikacijos

“…Atviri tarpdantiniai kontaktai (ATK), kitaip vadinami juodaisiais trikampiais, yra dantenų spenelių neužpildyti tarpai, besitęsiantys žemiau dantų kontaktinio taško danties kaklelio link [24]. Žymaus J. Kurth V. ir Kokich eksperimentinio tyrimo duomenimis, po ortodontinio gydymo breketais ATK tarp VŽ centrinių kandžių stebimi net 38 proc.…”

“…Kaip ir DR, ši periodontologinė problema gali komplikuoti ortodontinio gydymo rezultatus, nes apklausiami pacientai ATK problemą priskiria prie trijų (kartu su ėduonimi ir nudilusiais dantų kandamaisiais kraštais) labiausiai jų šypsenos estetiką kompromituojančių aspektų [24]. Be neigiamos įtakos estetikai, ATK gali lemti ir paciento artikuliacijos sutrikimus, ir, būdami bakterinės bioplėvelės retencijos vieta, indukuoti periodonto audinių uždegimą (o tada ir tolimesnį ATK problemos progresavimą) [24]. Ortodontinis gydymas ATK etiologiniu veiksniu gali virsti dėl keleto priežasčių.…”