Bipedal microwalkers actuated by oscillating magnetic fields

He, Yuanzhe; Dong, Shengwei; Wang, Lefeng; Rong, Weibin; Sun, Lining

doi:10.1039/d0sm01228a

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Under these conditions, the induced movement components along the h -axis cancel each other out in a period, making them move along the a -axis. Here, they stand and move forward on surfaces similar to the bipedal microwalker demonstrated in our previous work . Snapshots of the micropartners moving on glass surfaces in different ways are demonstrated in Figure (see SI Movie S3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…For locomotion on solid surfaces, the speeds of the connected micropartners have dependencies on the parameters of the driving fields that are similar to those of some other microrobots. ,, Due to the additional friction and collisions between microdisks and surfaces, locomotion speeds in this environment are usually higher than those at air–liquid interfaces under identical magnetic fields. Without constraints of liquid surfaces, the microswimmer can roll on solid surfaces under some conditions, which further accelerates the microswimmer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, the connected partners under driving magnetic fields B can also move on solid surfaces similar to other surface walkers, − where locomotion modes are still switched by changing the vertical component of the driving field. As the field contains an oscillating vertical component, one disk contacts solid surfaces and tends to slide backward, but adhesion and static friction prevent the disk from sliding on surfaces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Magnetic Micropartners for Micromanipulation at Interfaces

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Microrobots working at liquid surfaces have immense potential for micromanipulation in tight and enclosed spaces, whereas constructing agile and functional microrobots with simple structures at liquid surfaces is a great challenge. Herein, a pair of magnetic circular microdisks working as partners at ethylene glycol (EG) surfaces are proposed in order to accomplish flexible locomotion and in situ micromanipulation tasks. The microdisks can be controlled to connect and separate by modulating the orientation of the applied magnetic field. After the two disks connect as an entity, they are transformed into micropartners under an oscillating magnetic field in 3D space. By changing the vertical component of the oscillating field, the micropartners can obtain controllable propulsion through paddling and wriggling modes, and the locomotion speed can reach approximately two body lengths per second. They can also climb a meniscus, and even crawl on a solid surface in a liquid. Finally, this pair of micropartners is demonstrated as a flexible microgripper to implement manipulations at the liquid surfaces, including cargo capture, delivery along prescribed paths, and release.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Magnetic Micropartners for Micromanipulation at Interfaces

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The great potential of applying micromotors in the biomedical field, especially its great promise in targeted drug delivery [8,9], precision medicine [10], noninvasive diagnosis, and minimally invasive surgery [11][12][13], has attracted many researchers to join in this emerging multidiscipline. In literature, researchers have given micromotors many interesting names such as microrobots [14], microgrippers [15], microactuators [16], microswimmers [17], microwalkers [18], micro-rockets [19], and microbowls [20] according to their functionality, motion mode, and geometric shape [21]. Compared to stationary and passive nanomaterials, autonomous or controlled locomotion ability is the most distinctive feature of micromotors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-Based Stimuli-Responsive Micromotors for Biomedicine

et al. 2022

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The rapid development of medical micromotors draws a beautiful blueprint for the noninvasive or minimally invasive diagnosis and therapy. By combining stimuli-sensitive hydrogel materials, micromotors are bestowed with new characteristics such as stimuli-responsive shape transformation/morphing, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and drug loading ability. Actuated by chemical fuels or external fields (e.g., magnetic field, ultrasound, light, and electric field), hydrogel-based stimuli-responsive (HBSR) micromotors can be utilized to load therapeutic agents into the hydrogel networks or directly grip the target cargos (e.g., drug-loaded particles, cells, and thrombus), transport them to sites of interest (e.g., tumor area and diseased tissues), and unload the cargos or execute a specific task (e.g., cell capture, targeted sampling, and removal of blood clots) in response to a stimulus (e.g., change of temperature, pH, ion strength, and chemicals) in the physiological environment. The high flexibility, adaptive capacity, and shape morphing property enable the HBSR micromotors to complete specific medical tasks in complex physiological scenarios, especially in confined, hard-to-reach tissues, and vessels of the body. Herein, this review summarizes the current progress in hydrogel-based medical micromotors with stimuli responsiveness. The thermo-responsive, photothermal-responsive, magnetocaloric-responsive, pH-responsive, ionic-strength-responsive, and chemoresponsive micromotors are discussed in detail. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for the development of HBSR micromotors in the biomedical field are discussed.

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“…Generally, nanovehicles include self-propelled catalytic nanomotors and fuel-free nanorobots powered by biocompatible external energy, such as light, electricity, sound, magnetism, and chemistry energies [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In particular, magnetically driven nanovehicles can be remotely actuated in living organisms by oscillating, rotating, and gradient magnetic fields [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], providing new solutions for overcoming the mucus barrier. In particular, the use of gradient magnetic fields is a simple and more accessible method for driving nanovehicles, without the need for complex fabrication techniques and expensive equipment [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically Driven Muco-Inert Janus Nanovehicles for Enhanced Mucus Penetration and Cellular Uptake

Hao

Bai

et al. 2022

Molecules

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One of the main challenges of transmucosal drug delivery is that of enabling particles and molecules to move across the mucosal barrier of the mucosal epithelial surface. Inspired by nanovehicles and mucus-penetrating nanoparticles, a magnetically driven, mucus-inert Janus-type nanovehicle (Janus-MMSN-pCB) was fabricated by coating the zwitterionic polymer poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pCB) on the mesoporous silica nanorod, which was grown on one side of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle using the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the nanovehicles, proving the success of each synthesis step. The in vitro cell viability assessment of these composites using Calu-3 cell lines indicates that the nanovehicles are biocompatible in nature. Furthermore, the multiparticle tracking, Transwell® system, and cell imaging experimental results demonstrate that both the modification of pCB and the application of a magnetic field effectively accelerated the diffusion of the nanovehicles in the mucus and improved the endocytosis through Calu-3. The favorable cell uptake performance of Janus-MMSN-pCB in mucus systems with/without magnetic driving proves its potential role in the diagnosis, treatment, and imaging of mucosal-related diseases.

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Bipedal microwalkers actuated by oscillating magnetic fields

Abstract: Microrobots have attracted considerable attention due to their immense potential for biomedical and engineering applications in recent years. Inspired by human walks, a bipedal microwalker capable of standing and walking...

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Flexible Magnetic Micropartners for Micromanipulation at Interfaces

Flexible Magnetic Micropartners for Micromanipulation at Interfaces

Hydrogel-Based Stimuli-Responsive Micromotors for Biomedicine

Magnetically Driven Muco-Inert Janus Nanovehicles for Enhanced Mucus Penetration and Cellular Uptake

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