Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using <em>Albizia lebbeck</em> stem bark, and evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities on human breast cancer cell lines

Abstract

BackgroundBiocompatibility and stability of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized using plants is an interesting research area of study in nanotechnology, due to its wide applications in biomedical, industrial, cell imaging, and biosensor fields. The present study reports the novel green synthesis of stable ZnO NPs using various concentrations of zinc nitrate (0.01M, 0.05M, 0.1M) and Albizia lebbeck stem bark extracts as an efficient chelating agent. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antiproliferative activities of the synthesized NPs on human breast cancer cell lines were evaluated using different assays.MethodsCharacterization of the synthesized ZnO NPs were carried out using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Antimicrobial activity evaluation using disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) free radical scavenging assay and cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 using tryphan blue dye exclusion and MTT assay.ResultsThe UV–vis spectroscopy result revealed an absorption peak in the range of 370 nm. The involvements of A. lebbeck bioactive compounds in the stabilization of the ZnO NPs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Zeta sizer studies showed an average size of 66.25 nm with a polydisparity index of 0.262. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses results revealed irregular spherical morphology and the presence of primarily Zn, C, O, Na, P, and K, respectively. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs revealed strong antimicrobial potentials against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Antioxidant activities carried out using H2O2 free radical scavenging assay revealed higher IC50 values of 48.5, 48.7, and 60.2 µg/mL for 0.1M, 0.05M, and 0.01M ZnO NPs, respectively. Moreover, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs showed significant cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines (P< 0.001, n≥3) in a concentration-dependent manner.ConclusionOverall, various concentrations of ZnO NPs were synthesized through a stable, simple, and eco-friendly green route via the use of A. lebbeck stem bark extract. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs showed strong antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against strongly and weakly metastatic breast cancer cell lines.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Extracts and Characterization of Their Antibacterial Activity

“…SEM imaging with EDX analysis was done to further confirm the presence of synthesized nanoparticles. From the SEM images of Figure 8 a and Figure 9 a, the zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from pomegranate leaf (ZnO-NPs-PL) shows an uneven round structure, which is similar to that reported by Umar et al [ 37 ] and Wali et al [ 54 ], and the presence of agglomerated nanoparticles can be seen on the SEM image. The SEM image of ZnO-NPs-PF ( Figure 9 a) also reveals an irregularly shaped microstructure with protrusions which seem flower-like.…”

“…Bhuyan et al [ 36 ] also reported formation of a whitish precipitate. In contrast, Umar et al [ 37 ] observed a change in color from brown to a dark brown color on addition of Albizia lebbeck leaf extract to the precursor zinc acetate.…”

Antiarrhythmic Mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine Dingji Fumai Decoction

“…In addition, with the development of mass spectrometry, multiple constituents of the components of DFD have been analyzed and characterized in recent years [29][30][31][32][33][34]. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the components of DFD have anti-inflammatory [35][36][37][38][39], antioxidative stress [40][41][42], and myocardial protection [42][43][44][45] effects. Inflammation and oxidative stress are closely related to arrhythmia [46][47][48].…”

<p>Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of <em>Ocimum Gratissimum</em> Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity</p>

“…As suggested by Umar et al, cell membrane blebbing is an indication of cell apoptosis. 56 The high antiproliferation activity of OGEO-TMCNPs on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells compared to the remaining nanoparticles and OG extracts were likely due to the generation of oxidative stress with the cell membrane. 53 A summary of the entire process involved in the synthesis of OGEO-loaded nanoparticles and their in vitro biomedical applications is presented in Figure 15.…”