Biosorción de plomo (II) en solución acuosa con biomasa de los cladodios de la tuna (Opuntia ficus indica)

Abstract

Se investigó la remoción de plomo de soluciones acuosas por biomasa de los cladodios de la tuna (BCT), una especie abundante en la sierra peruana. Las propiedades físicas y químicas de la BCT se determinaron por técnicas de FTIR y SEM/EDX. El análisis FTIR confirmó la presencia de grupos –OH, CO–C, C=O y –NH2, los cuales interactuarían con el metal. La micrografía SEM reveló que la morfología superficial de la BCT tiene porosidad adecuada para la biosorción. En un sistema discontinuo se obtuvo la más alta capacidad de biosorción (qe) con una relación masa BCT/volumen de 4 g/L, pH 4,5 y tiempo de contacto de 1 h. La biosorción siguió un modelo cinético de pseudo-segundo orden y el proceso de difusión intraparticular fue el factor principal de control de la velocidad. Los datos en el equilibrio fueron correlacionados con cinco modelos (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, D-R y Redlich-Peterson) y se ajustaron mejor al modelo de Langmuir, lo que indica que el proceso se realiza en centros activos energéticamente homogéneos, el valor de qe máxima fue 50,25 mg/g. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la BCT puede ser usada como biosorbente eficiente para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con Pb (II).

Alkaline Modification of Arabica-Coffee and Theobroma-Cocoa Agroindustrial Waste for Effective Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions

“…The kinetic study is of great importance for the practical and effective use of biosorbents in the industry [ 41 ]. In this work, the kinetic studies were carried out by varying the adsorption time from 0 to 180 min, at pH 4; C 0 = 48.42 and 130.8 mg L −1 ; biosorbent dosage = 2 g L −1 ; and T = 293 K.…”

Single and Binary Removals of Pb(II) and Cd(II) with Chemically Modified Opuntia ficus indica Cladodes

“…Biosorption is an economical method, respectful to the environment, and is also easy to operate [7], since biomasses are biodegradable, available, and low-cost materials. For lead and/or cadmium removal, the literature reports a wide variety of biomasses, such as Chrysopogon zizanioides root powder [6], Phyllanthus emblica fruit stone [4], Opuntia fuliginosa and Agave angustifolia [8], Opuntia ficus indica [9,10], avocado pear [11], cucumber peal [12], rapeseed [13], taro [14], peanut shells [15], coffee and cocoa [16], etc. These biomasses include organic compounds, such as humic acids, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, proteins, etc., containing carbonyl, carboxyl, amine, and hydroxyl groups, which are adsorption sites capable of fixing heavy metals [17].…”

“…It is a plant that does not require fertile soils, irrigation, or greater care [17], for which it has received attention not only as food but also for use as a biosorbent. According to previous studies [9,10], the OFIC biomass has functional groups such as hydroxyls, carboxylic, and carboxylates that would be associated with the adsorption of Pb and Cd. To improve the lead and/or cadmium removal capacities from aqueous solutions, the literature reports biomass modifications, particularly with alkaline solutions [20][21][22], managing to improve the biosorption capacity of the metal under study up to 55%, compared to the corresponding unmodified biomass.…”

Arabica-coffee and teobroma-cocoa agro-industrial waste biosorbents, for Pb(II) removal in aqueous solutions

“…Therefore, the effective elimination of Pb from wastewater and in general, the investigation of heavy metal biosorption processes on biological surfaces or biosorbent materials (Beni and Esmaeili 2020) is highly current. We highlight the use of various agricultural byproducts as "cheap" biosorbents to remove Pb from aqueous solutions, such as olive tree pruning (Calero et al 2013), taro (Saha et al 2017), prickly pear stalk (Lavado-Meza et al 2020), sugar cane bagasse (Tejada-Tovar et al 2020), spent coffee grounds (Ayucitra et al 2017;Chwastowski et al 2020) coffee grounds (Minamisawa et al 2004;Gomez-Gonzalez et al 2016), coffee husk (Oliveira et al 2008), endocarp waste coffee (Gómez-Aguilar et al 2021;Mariana et al 2021), and untreated cocoa shells (Meunier et al 2003;Obike et al 2018). The use of these materials is attractive due to their availability and the low costs involved in treating contaminated water.…”