Biosensors as Nano-Analytical Tools for COVID-19 Detection

Abstract

Selective, sensitive and affordable techniques to detect disease and underlying health issues have been developed recently. Biosensors as nanoanalytical tools have taken a front seat in this context. Nanotechnology-enabled progress in the health sector has aided in disease and pandemic management at a very early stage efficiently. This report reflects the state-of-the-art of nanobiosensor-based virus detection technology in terms of their detection methods, targets, limits of detection, range, sensitivity, assay time, etc. The article effectively summarizes the challenges with traditional technologies and newly emerging biosensors, including the nanotechnology-based detection kit for COVID-19; optically enhanced technology; and electrochemical, smart and wearable enabled nanobiosensors. The less explored but crucial piezoelectric nanobiosensor and the reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)-based biosensor are also discussed here. The article could be of significance to researchers and doctors dedicated to developing potent, versatile biosensors for the rapid identification of COVID-19. This kind of report is needed for selecting suitable treatments and to avert epidemics.

Recent advances in the potential applications of luminescence-based, SPR-based, and carbon-based biosensors

“…Therefore, it is not surprising that a continuous demand for the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods results in development of novel biosensors. Diagnostic of the virus via biosensors is focused on the detection of RNA, antigens, and antibodies (Pradhan et al 2021 ; Zare et al 2021 ). Oui et al developed a dual-functional biosensor based on the combination of plasmonic photothermal (PPT) effect and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing transduction.…”

Zinc Nanomaterials: A Double-Edged Sword in Detection and Prevention against SARS-CoV-2 Spread (A Review)

“…For biosensing, a few stages depend on gold, selenium, iron, Graphene, and zinc [46][47][48][49][50][51][52] . In any case, only the elements which have been read up for biosensor stages is zinc because of its superb optical and electronic functionalities, with the extra benefit of being modest and plentiful in features.…”

A Study of the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab Gene by the Use of Electrochemiluminescent Biosensor Based on Dual-Probe Hybridization

“…Nucleic acid detection is currently the gold standard for detecting SARS-CoV-2, and the primary detection tool with the advantages of early diagnosis, high sensitivity, and specificity [ 8 , 9 ]. Current nucleic acid-based assays include complete genome sequence [ 10 , 11 ], real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) [ 12 , 13 ], isothermal nucleic acid amplification [ 14 , 15 ], CRISPR [ 16 , 17 ], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ 18 ], infrared absorption spectroscopy [ 19 ], and biosensor detection [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. As the probability of genetic mutation and complexity of SARS-CoV-2 strains increase during the spreading process [ 23 ] despite rapid detection through existing methods, there is increased threat to human life and health.…”