Bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soil: a review on indispensable role of soil bacteria

Abstract

Purpose: Scientists have identified a plenty of bacterial strains having ability to degrade pesticide residues accumulated in the environment. Due to wide variation of chemical properties of pesticides, a single strain may not be versatile. Hence, identification of bioremediation ability of various bacteria is important. This review focused on understanding and explaining the role of soil bacteria having pesticide detoxification ability.Methodology: Previous research articles, book chapters and literature on bioremediation ability of different soil bacteria were reviewed and various strains of soil bacteria having bioremediation ability, mechanisms behind microbial bioremediation, factors affecting bioremediation and limitations and recent advancements of bioremediation were identified. Based on identified research gaps, further perspectives were introduced. Findings:The results revealed that plenty of soil bacteria having a bioremediation potential have been identified worldwide. As the major mechanism of bioremediation, the microorganisms consume pesticidecontaminated in the soil as their energy or nutrient sources. Various factors such as Bioavailability, Substrate and Environmental factors effect on bioremediation potential. Biostimulation, Bioaugmentation, Biopiling, Composting, Bioreactors and Land farming are identified as popular bioremediation methods suiTable 0for the bioremediation of pesticide contaminants. However, this technique still remains partially developed due to the lack of versatile microorganisms for detoxifying variety of different pesticides.

Unraveling the potential of pesticide-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. augmenting biological and physiological attributes of Vigna radiata (L.) under pesticide stress

“…A few soil bacteria demonstrate pesticide resistance after prolonged exposure, and they can be employed to efficiently remediate pesticide-polluted areas. 15 In the presence of specific pesticides, microbes operate well by utilizing them as sources of energy and nutrition. 16 These pesticides are degraded by efficient and tolerant PGPR and used as a carbon source.…”

Distinctive Bacteria Consortium of Rhizosphere and Surface Soil from Semi-Organic Potato Cultivation in Magelang, Indonesia

“…On the other hand, the carbamate contamination seems decrease in each top soil layer. Several research mention that soil bacteria activities may contribute in pesticide bioremediation [46]. The low concentration of carbamate residue is likely related to farmers' habit of using organic fungicides based on antagonistic agents, such as Trichoderma.…”

Pesticide persistence and strategies for the microbial bioremediation of contaminated soil

“…Pesticides are divided into various categories according to the pests they are intended to control, these are agrochemicals, larvicides, aphicides, molluscicides, miticides, ixodicides and fertilizers as well as insecticides, fumigants, weedicides, algaecides, nematicides, and acaricides. [5,6,7]. Additionally, pesticides can also be grouped on the basis of their chemical nature, such as organic, inorganic, synthetic, and biological.…”

“…Four major groups of pesticides exist, namely, organophosphorus, organochlorine, carbamates, and pyrethroids [5] (table 1). Others include flavonoid compounds, nitrophenol derivatives, phenoxyacetic acid derivatives, triazine variants, organotin, pyrazoles, and thiocarbamates, as well as some heavy metals [7]. Lethal dose or LD50 value is another criterion of classification which indicates their toxicity.…”