Biorefinery methods for separation of protein and oil fractions from rubber seed kernel

WIDYARANI, WIDYARANI; Ratnaningsih, Enny; Sanders, J.P.M.; Bruins, Marieke E.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.09.005

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Pressing the kernel for the oil results in press cakes with 20-28 %-dw protein content. Oil pressing followed by protein extraction from the press cake is proposed as the optimal process to obtain both oil and protein from the rubber seed kernel [19]. A proposed biorefinery concept is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amino acid analysis of the proteins in the kernel showed high number of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, valine, and leucine [19], and overall 34 % essential amino acids that suggest the proteins can be used for feed applications. Direct application of the whole seeds or kernels as protein source, however, is not possible due to the presence of some anti-nutritional factors, most notably cyanide.…”

Section: Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaline conditions (0.1 M NaOH) can be used to extract protein from rubber seed kernel, press cake, and hexane-extracted meal, and 50-81 % protein from rubber seed kernel can be recovered in the extract [19]. The extracted proteins have 6-11 % degree of hydrolysis [19], indicating that some proteins are not in native forms. The process may also need to be adjusted to remove cyanide that is still present in the press cake.…”

Section: Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fertiliser quality can be improved by selecting the appropriate alkaline and acid combination for the extraction and precipitation. In our experiments [19], sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as the alkali source because it is a strong alkaline, easy to obtain, and widely used in industries. Other alkali sources that can be used are calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and ammonia; the latter is already used by farmers to prevent latex coagulation on the field (interview with farmers).…”

Section: Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less attention is given on proteins in the seeds and the leaves of rubber tree [16,17]. Rubber seed has been identified as a potential protein source, particularly after oil separation for biodiesel production [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valorisation of Proteins from Rubber Tree

WIDYARANI

Coulen

Sanders

et al. 2016

Waste Biomass Valor

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Purpose The objective of this study was to identify the availability, possible applications, and economic potential of proteins that are present in different parts of the rubber tree. Proteins from non-food sources can be used in e.g. animal feed or biochemicals production with no or little competition with food production, rendering them important biobased feedstock. Rubber tree is primarily grown for its latex that is used in rubber production. Indonesia has the largest rubber plantation area that is mostly owned and run by smallholder farmers. Using non-latex fractions from the rubber tree may generate additional income, and increase the economics of rubber plantations in general. Methods Several biomass streams from the rubber tree and subsequent latex processing were considered. Data were compiled from literature, a case study, and interviews with researchers, smallholder farmers, and managers at rubber processing plant and plantation. Results Latex waste streams, seeds, and leaves were considered to have the highest potential based on the amount of available proteins, and processes to isolate proteins from these streams were proposed. Isolation of specific functional properties from natural sources requires complex (and expensive) separation processes and therefore only economically feasible when specific use of the protein(s) for high value applications can be identified. Purification of many interesting proteins from latex fractions has already been described. Processing of seeds and leaves may also yield useful proteins for food, other purposes, and also still unknown high value applications. Conclusions A biorefinery concept can be applied to obtain multiple products from the seeds and leaves, and protein extraction can be performed with available knowledge and technology. Small scale processing can be more beneficial for the farmers, especially if the products are used locally for feed.

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Section: Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valorisation of Proteins from Rubber Tree

WIDYARANI

Coulen

Sanders

et al. 2016

Waste Biomass Valor

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Towards plant protein refinery: Review on protein extraction using alkali and potential enzymatic assistance

Sari

Mulder

Sanders

et al. 2015

Biotechnology Journal

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168

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The globally increasing protein demands require additional resources to those currently available. Furthermore, the optimal usage of protein fractions from both traditional and new protein resources, such as algae and leaves, is essential. Here, we present an overview on alkaline plant protein extraction including the potentials of enzyme addition in the form of proteases and/or carbohydrolases. Strategic biomass selection, combined with the appropriate process conditions can increase protein yields after extraction. Enzyme addition, especially of proteases, can be useful when alkaline protein extraction yields are low. These additions can also be used to enable processing at a pH closer to 7 to avoid the otherwise severe conditions that denature proteins. Finally, a protein biorefinery concept is presented that aims to upcycle residual biomass by separating essential amino acids to be used for food and feed, and non-essential amino acids for production of bulk chemicals.

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Proteins from Biomass Residue

da Fonseca,

Gurgel

2023

Handbook of Biomass

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Biorefinery methods for separation of protein and oil fractions from rubber seed kernel

Cited by 29 publications

References 55 publications

Valorisation of Proteins from Rubber Tree

Valorisation of Proteins from Rubber Tree

Towards plant protein refinery: Review on protein extraction using alkali and potential enzymatic assistance

Proteins from Biomass Residue

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