Bioprinting and biomaterials for dental alveolar tissue regeneration

Abstract

Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a powerful tool, that was recently applied to tissue engineering. This technique allows the precise deposition of cells encapsulated in supportive bioinks to fabricate complex scaffolds, which are used to repair targeted tissues. Here, we review the recent developments in the application of 3D bioprinting to dental tissue engineering. These tissues, including teeth, periodontal ligament, alveolar bones, and dental pulp, present cell types and mechanical properties with great heterogeneity, which is challenging to reproduce in vitro. After highlighting the different bioprinting methods used in regenerative dentistry, we reviewed the great variety of bioink formulations and their effects on cells, which have been established to support the development of these tissues. We discussed the different advances achieved in the fabrication of each dental tissue to provide an overview of the current state of the methods. We conclude with the remaining challenges and future needs.

Biofabrication Approaches for Peri-Implantitis Tissue Regeneration: A Focus on Bioprinting Methods

“…The alveolar bones, which serve to support and anchor teeth within their sockets, predominantly comprise trabecular bone. This type of bone is composed of approximately 65% mineralized tissue, 30% organic matrix (predominantly collagen type I and noncollagenous proteins such as osteopontin, osteonectin, and sialoprotein), around 15% water, and approximately 5% cells, primarily osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes [30].…”

Evolving Strategies and Materials for Scaffold Development in Regenerative Dentistry

“…Dental stem cells (DSCs) can be retrieved from several parts of the oral cavity, e.g., from deciduous teeth, apical papillae, and periapical cysts. Apart from DSCs, adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCS) and exosomes, which are small membrane vesicles isolated from cells, are of greatest importance in regenerative dentistry [33,103,104].…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors for the Detection of Skeletal- and Cardiac-Muscle-Related Analytes

“…In addition, the development of MIP sensors for mass production faces the normal difficulties encountered for the development of news products, which are the needs for the reengineering of the fabrication process to be conformed to the industrial good manufacturing process, and the need to be conformed to some regulations. However, we can consider that MIP sensors are destinated to be used out of the human body, they do not interfere with the human health, and therefore the regulation should be less severe [ 178 ].…”