Bionomics of Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae White, 1852 on auks (Alcidae) from Newfoundland

Eveleigh, Eldon S.; Threlfall, William

doi:10.1139/z75-010

Cited by 30 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…1b). This tick reproduces sexually, and a female will lay between 200 and 600 eggs in a single bout before dying (Eveleigh & Threlfall 1975, Dietrich 2011. In new seabird colonies, tick populations tend to increase with colony size for approximately the first 30 yr, after which time the population dynamics seem to stabilise (Danchin 1992).…”

Section: Biological System and Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic structure and colonisation of the western Antarctic Peninsula by the seabird tick Ixodes uriae

McCoy¹,

Beis²,

Barbosa³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Recent observations on the western Antarctic Peninsula have suggested that changing climatic conditions may be increasing pressure on breeding seabirds due to higher exploitation rates by the tick Ixodes uriae. Using data from 8 microsatellite markers and ticks from 6 Pygoscelis spp. colonies, we employed a population genetics approach to specifically test the hypothesis that I. uriae is expanding south-westward along the peninsula from the Subantarctic region. Contrary to expectations, tick genetic diversity was high within all colonies, and no remaining signal of colonisation events was evident. Although significant geographic genetic structure occurred among ticks from different colonies, these ectoparasites tended to belong to 2 major genetic groups, one found principally in south-western locations (Palmer Station area) and the other in more north-eastern areas (South Shetland Islands). More central colonies showed a mixture of ticks from each genetic group, suggesting that this area represents a hybridisation zone of ticks from 2 distinct origins. A subsequent clustering analysis, including ticks from 2 Subantarctic locations, did not reveal the source population for the northern peninsula group. Overall, our data refute the hypothesis of a recent south-westward expansion of I. uriae along the peninsula and suggest that this tick has been present at more southern latitudes for an extended period of time. Further studies on the distribution and genetic characteristics of this ectoparasite around Antarctica are now required to better understand the colonisation process and predict how changing environmental conditions may affect its presence and diversity in seabird colonies.

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Section: Biological System and Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic structure and colonisation of the western Antarctic Peninsula by the seabird tick Ixodes uriae

McCoy¹,

Beis²,

Barbosa³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…They are usually associated with seabird colonies, and more than 50 species have been recorded as host of this ectoparasite (Wilson 1970;Eveleigh and Threlfall 1974;Bergström et al 1999). Tick eVects on the host include delay in chick growth (Morbey 1996), chick mortality (Chastel et al 1987;Bergström et al 1999) and even adult mortality (Gauthier-Clerc et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seabird ticks (Ixodes uriae) distribution along the Antarctic Peninsula

et al. 2011

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The distribution of the tick Ixodes uriae is studied in the South Shetlands and diVerent locations along the Antarctic Peninsula. Ticks were found beneath stones close to penguin rookeries of chinstrap, gentoo and adelie penguin, although no individuals were found parasitized. Our results showed that ticks are not distributed evenly along the Antarctic Peninsula being more common and abundant in the northern part with relative abundances of ticks ranging from 1 to 57 individuals per stone and from 2 to 26% of the stone inspected. Ticks are probably absent in the south.

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“…Biological model and specific predictions I. uriae commonly parasitises Black-legged kittiwakes in the northern hemisphere (eg, Eveleigh and Threlfall, 1974). This tick was considered to be a generalist parasite of seabirds, but recent genetic work has shown that hostassociated races, in particular for the kittiwake, do occur .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This tick was considered to be a generalist parasite of seabirds, but recent genetic work has shown that hostassociated races, in particular for the kittiwake, do occur . The life cycle of this parasite generally takes 4 years to complete and consists of three active stages: larva, nymph and adult (Eveleigh and Threlfall, 1974). In order to pass from one stage to the next, the tick must take a single blood meal on its host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to pass from one stage to the next, the tick must take a single blood meal on its host. The length of this meal depends on the stage considered, but typically lasts 3-9 days (Eveleigh and Threlfall, 1974) and involves an intimate interaction between the host immune response and the parasite's evasive mechanisms (Wikel, 1996). Males of I. uriae do not feed in the adult stage and females die immediately after laying a single batch of several hundred eggs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial genetic structure of the ectoparasite Ixodes uriae within breeding cliffs of its colonial seabird host

2003

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To examine the potential importance of the spatial subdivision of hosts for the functioning of parasite populations, we analysed patterns of local genetic structure within natural populations of the seabird ectoparasite, Ixodes uriae, at the scale of the host breeding cliff. The seabird hosts of this parasite nest in dense colonies with a hierarchical spatial organisation (individual nests-breeding cliffs-colony). Using eight microsatellite markers and samples from three breeding cliffs of the Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), we found that tick populations were indeed genetically structured at this spatial scale. However, the nature of this structuring depended on the characteristics of the cliffs considered. Both the host nest and cliff topography seemed to be important factors in the isolation of tick groups, but their relative roles may depend on the size of the local parasite population. We found no evidence of isolation by distance within a cliff suggesting that independent tick dispersal may not be a significant force influencing population structure in highly infested cliffs. However, genetic structure seemed to decrease with tick life stage, nymphal ticks being more strongly structured than adult ticks. These results may be related to the clustering of tick progeny combined with differential mortality and dispersal probabilities of each life stage. Overall, results indicate that the spatial organisation of hosts can indeed have important consequences for the population genetic structure of their parasites and, thus, may modify parasite dynamics and the scale at which local coevolutionary processes occur.

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Bionomics of Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae White, 1852 on auks (Alcidae) from Newfoundland

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Population genetic structure and colonisation of the western Antarctic Peninsula by the seabird tick Ixodes uriae

Population genetic structure and colonisation of the western Antarctic Peninsula by the seabird tick Ixodes uriae

Seabird ticks (Ixodes uriae) distribution along the Antarctic Peninsula

Spatial genetic structure of the ectoparasite Ixodes uriae within breeding cliffs of its colonial seabird host

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