Biomimetic Nanopillar Silicon Surfaces Rupture Fungal Spores

Linklater, Denver P.; Le, Phuc H.; Aburto‐Medina, Arturo; Crawford, Russell J.; MacLaughlin, Shane A.; Juodkazis, Saulius; Ivanova, Elena P.

doi:10.3390/ijms24021298

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…To remove any attached cell from the studied surface, the falcon tube was vortexed for 2 min at max speed. [ 77 ] Vortexed surfaces were checked using SEM to ensure the absence of any remaining cells on the surfaces or aggregates (Figure S9). After this, 100 µL of diluted suspension (Dilution factor: 10 2 ) was used to spread on a fresh agar plate using a plate spreader.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis of Multi‐Drug Resistant Candida Species on Microstructured Titanium Surfaces

Le,

Linklater,

Aburto‐Medina

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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The proportion of hospital‐acquired medical device infections caused by pathogenic, multi‐drug resistant Candida species occurs in up to 10% of implantations. In this study, a unique antifungal micro‐pillared titanium surface pattern is developed, which demonstrates both fungicidal and fungistatic activity, persistently deterring biofilm formation by Candida albicans and multi‐drug resistant Candida auris fungi for up to 7 days. The Ti micropillars of 3.5 µm height are fabricated using maskless inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. The micro‐textured surface consistently kills ≈50% of Candida spp. irreversibly attached cells and prevent the proliferation of the remaining cells by inducing programmed cell death. Proteomic analysis reveals that Candida cells undergo extensive metabolic stress, preventing the transformation from yeast to the filamentous/hyphal cell phenotype that is essential for establishing a typical in vitro biofilm. The mechanical stress imparted following interaction with the micropillars injures attaching cells and induces apoptosis whereby the Candida cells are unable to be revived in a non‐stress environment. These findings shed new insight toward the design of durable antifungal surfaces that prevent biofilm formation by pathogenic, multi‐drug resistant yeasts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis of Multi‐Drug Resistant Candida Species on Microstructured Titanium Surfaces

Le,

Linklater,

Aburto‐Medina

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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“…The cell membrane permeability of A. niger spores was evaluated using a LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability kit (Invitrogen, Inc. USA). − After 40 min of treatment by UV irradiation, chlorination, or the UV/chlorine process, 1.5 mL of the samples were taken at predetermined time intervals, quenched with freshly prepared Na 2 S 2 O 3 at a Na 2 S 2 O 3 -to-chlorine molar ratio of 1.5:1 and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 9 min at room temperature. 1.0 mL of the supernatant was aspirated and discarded, and the residual suspension with A.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Inactivation of Fungal Spores in Drinking Water by Far-UVC Photolysis of Free Chlorine

Wang,

Ma,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Effective and affordable disinfection technology is one key to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6. In this work, we develop a process by integrating Far-UVC irradiation at 222 nm with free chlorine (UV 222 /chlorine) for rapid inactivation of the chlorine-resistant and opportunistic Aspergillus niger spores in drinking water. The UV 222 /chlorine process achieves a 5.0-log inactivation of the A. niger spores at a chlorine dosage of 3.0 mg L −1 and a UV fluence of 30 mJ cm −2 in deionized water, tap water, and surface water. The inactivation rate constant of the spores by the UV 222 /chlorine process is 0.55 min −1 , which is 4.6-fold, 5.5fold, and 1.8-fold, respectively, higher than those of the UV 222 alone, chlorination alone, and the conventional UV 254 /chlorine process under comparable conditions. The more efficient inactivation by the UV 222 /chlorine process is mainly attributed to the enhanced generation of reactive chlorine species (e.g., 6.7 × 10 −15 M of Cl • ) instead of hydroxyl radicals from UV 222 photolysis of chlorine, which is verified through both experiments and a kinetic model. We further demonstrate that UV 222 photolysis damages the membrane integrity and benefits the penetration of chlorine and radicals into cells for inactivation. The merits of the UV 222 /chlorine process over the UV 254 /chlorine process also include the more effective inhibition of the photoreactivation of the spores after disinfection and the lower formation of chlorinated disinfection byproducts and toxicity.

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“…A Zeiss LSM 880 Airyscan upright CLSM (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen, Germany) operated with a 63× water-immersion objective (ZEISS 60×/1.0 VIS-IR) was used for visualization of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus attachment on surfaces after an 18 h incubation period. Prior CLSM, samples were gently washed with PBS as described elsewhere . Samples were then stained with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit, L7012 (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen, Mt.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piercing of the Human Parainfluenza Virus by Nanostructured Surfaces

Mah,

Linklater,

Tzanov

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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This paper presents a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation into the antiviral properties of nanostructured surfaces and explains the underlying virucidal mechanism. We used reactive ion etching to fabricate silicon (Si) surfaces featuring an array of sharp nanospikes with an approximate tip diameter of 2 nm and a height of 290 nm. The nanospike surfaces exhibited a 1.5 log reduction in infectivity of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV-3) after 6 h, a substantially enhanced efficiency, compared to that of smooth Si. Theoretical modeling of the virus−nanospike interactions determined the virucidal action of the nanostructured substrata to be associated with the ability of the sharp nanofeatures to effectively penetrate the viral envelope, resulting in the loss of viral infectivity. Our research highlights the significance of the potential application of nanostructured surfaces in combating the spread of viruses and bacteria. Notably, our study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of antiviral surfaces with a particular emphasis on the crucial role played by sharp nanofeatures in maximizing their effectiveness.

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Biomimetic Nanopillar Silicon Surfaces Rupture Fungal Spores

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

Apoptosis of Multi‐Drug Resistant Candida Species on Microstructured Titanium Surfaces

Apoptosis of Multi‐Drug Resistant Candida Species on Microstructured Titanium Surfaces

Rapid Inactivation of Fungal Spores in Drinking Water by Far-UVC Photolysis of Free Chlorine

Piercing of the Human Parainfluenza Virus by Nanostructured Surfaces

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