Biomimetic Mineralization of Protein Nanogels for Enzyme Protection

Abstract

Protein nanogelsh ave found aw idev ariety of applications, ranging from biocatalysis to drug/protein delivery. However,i np ractical applications, proteinsi nn anogelsm ay suffer from enzymic hydrolysis and denaturation. Inspired by the structure and functionalities of the fowl eggshells, biomimetic mineralization of protein nanogels was studied in this research. Protein nanogelsw ith embedded porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) in the cross-linked nanostructures were synthesized throught he thiol-disulfide reactionb etween thiol-functionalized PPL and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with pendant pyridyl disulfide groups.T he nanogels were further reacted with reducedb ovine serum albumin( BSA) and BSAmolecules were coated on the nanogels. Mineraliza-tion of BSA leads to the synthesis of biomineralized shells on the nanogels. With the growth of CaCO 3 on the shells, the nanogels aggregate into suprastructures. Thermogravimetric analysis, XRD, dynamic light scattering, and TEM were employed to study the mechanismo ft he biomineralization process and analyze the structureso ft he mineralized nanogels. The biomineralized shells can effectively protect the PPL molecules from hydrolysis by trypsin;m eanwhile, the nanosized channels on the mineralized shells allow the transport of small-molecule substrates across the shells.B ioactivity measurements indicatet hat PPL in the nanogels maintains more than 80 %b ioactivity after biomineralization.[a] Q.

Janus Surface Micelles on Silica Particles: Synthesis and Application in Enzyme Immobilization

“…The absorptions of 4‐nitrophenol at 405 nm were recorded at different times (curves 1, 2 in Figure a). [ 48,49 ] Based on UV–vis results, the relative bioactivities of native and the immobilized PPL after 60 min hydrolysis reaction were determined. As shown in Figure 5b the bioactivity of native PPL at 37 °C was set at 100% (column 2), and the relative bioactivity of the immobilized PPL was determined to be about 311% (column 1), indicating an enhanced bioactivity was achieved after immobilization on JSMs.…”

Overcoming the Low-Stability Bottleneck in the Clinical Translation of Liposomal Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers: A Shell Stabilization Strategy Inspired by Biomineralization

“…Protein materials are one of the most commonly used materials for LbL assembly. Zhao et al [ 182 ] utilized this approach. Protein nano gels embedded with porch pancreas lipase (PPL) were first reacted with BSA.…”

“… ( A ) Schematic depiction of the synthesis and biomineralization of PPL nanogels. Reproduced from [ 182 ]. Copyright: 2019, John Wiley and Sons.…”

Synthesis of Latex Particles with Biomolecules on the Surfaces by RAFT Emulsion Polymerization and Surface Biomineralization

“…10 Inspired by the formation of eggshell, biomimetic mineralization of protein nanogels was performed and hybrid nanogels were fabricated in a previous research. 11 The mineralization on nanogels provides an approach to the synthesis of hybrid organic−inorganic particles. In the past decades, huge amounts of latex particles have been synthesized by emulsion polymerization.…”

“…The strong interactions between the organic matter and the inorganic crystals improve the mechanical properties of the eggshells . Inspired by the formation of eggshell, biomimetic mineralization of protein nanogels was performed and hybrid nanogels were fabricated in a previous research . The mineralization on nanogels provides an approach to the synthesis of hybrid organic–inorganic particles.…”