Biomethylation of Arsenic in an Arsenic-rich Freshwater Environment

Accumulation of heavy metals in food web components across a gradient of lakes

“…These results suggest that macrozooplankton derive metal from ingestion of smaller zooplankton (scenario [2]) and that Hg levels in large zooplankton biomagnify from their food sources (smaller zooplankton), whereas As and Pb biodiminish. Field evidence for biomagnification of Hg in zooplankton food webs has been shown (Mason and Sullivan 1997;Monson and Brezonik 1998;Watras et al 1998) and diminution of both As and Pb have been demonstrated previously (As in the laboratory, Maeda et al 1992;Maeda 1994;Kaise et al 1997;Pb in streams and estuaries, Suedel et al 1994;Chen and Folt in press).…”

Accumulation of heavy metals in food web components across a gradient of lakes

“…These results suggest that macrozooplankton derive metal from ingestion of smaller zooplankton (scenario [2]) and that Hg levels in large zooplankton biomagnify from their food sources (smaller zooplankton), whereas As and Pb biodiminish. Field evidence for biomagnification of Hg in zooplankton food webs has been shown (Mason and Sullivan 1997;Monson and Brezonik 1998;Watras et al 1998) and diminution of both As and Pb have been demonstrated previously (As in the laboratory, Maeda et al 1992;Maeda 1994;Kaise et al 1997;Pb in streams and estuaries, Suedel et al 1994;Chen and Folt in press).…”

Arsenic concentration and speciation in five freshwater fish species from Back Bay near Yellowknife, NT, CANADA

“…Kaise et al (1997) found that the major arsenic species present in four different species of freshwater fish were TMA compounds (55.5-78.4% of total arsenic) followed by DMA (0.8.-43.2% of total arsenic). Slejkovec et al (2004) investigated nine different freshwater fish species belonging to four different families and found the major organic arsenic species in salmonids was AsB (92-100% of extractable arsenic) and in burbot (Lota lota) was DMA (75% of extractable arsenic).…”

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influencing Arsenic Biogeochemistry and Toxicity in Fluvial Ecosystems: A Review

“…In recent years, it has become apparent that methylation of arsenite may not be necessarily a detoxification process, as various metabolic species can be produced that are even more toxic than their arsenite analogs, such as the monomethylarsenite (MMA III , or methylarsonous acid, MMAA III ), and dimethylarsenite (DMA III or dimethylarsinous acid, DMAA III ). Arsenite methylation can also produce trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), which seems to be not very noxious for fluvial diatoms (e.g., [158]), and the volatile trimethylarsine (TMA), a gaseous arsine produced mainly by bacteria (e.g., [159]). Biological production of TMA by epipsammic biofilms is minor, as shown by [160], and particularly low in cyanobacteria (e.g., [161]).…”

Accumulation of heavy metals in food web components across a gradient of lakes

“…These results suggest that macrozooplankton derive metal from ingestion of smaller zooplankton (scenario [2]) and that Hg levels in large zooplankton biomagnify from their food sources (smaller zooplankton), whereas As and Pb biodiminish. Field evidence for biomagnification of Hg in zooplankton food webs has been shown (Mason and Sullivan 1997;Monson and Brezonik 1998;Watras et al 1998) and diminution of both As and Pb have been demonstrated previously (As in the laboratory, Maeda et al 1992;Maeda 1994;Kaise et al 1997;Pb in streams and estuaries, Suedel et al 1994;Chen and Folt in press).…”

Arsenic concentration and speciation in five freshwater fish species from Back Bay near Yellowknife, NT, CANADA

“…Kaise et al (1997) found that the major arsenic species present in four different species of freshwater fish were TMA compounds (55.5-78.4% of total arsenic) followed by DMA (0.8.-43.2% of total arsenic). Slejkovec et al (2004) investigated nine different freshwater fish species belonging to four different families and found the major organic arsenic species in salmonids was AsB (92-100% of extractable arsenic) and in burbot (Lota lota) was DMA (75% of extractable arsenic).…”

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influencing Arsenic Biogeochemistry and Toxicity in Fluvial Ecosystems: A Review

“…In recent years, it has become apparent that methylation of arsenite may not be necessarily a detoxification process, as various metabolic species can be produced that are even more toxic than their arsenite analogs, such as the monomethylarsenite (MMA III , or methylarsonous acid, MMAA III ), and dimethylarsenite (DMA III or dimethylarsinous acid, DMAA III ). Arsenite methylation can also produce trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), which seems to be not very noxious for fluvial diatoms (e.g., [158]), and the volatile trimethylarsine (TMA), a gaseous arsine produced mainly by bacteria (e.g., [159]). Biological production of TMA by epipsammic biofilms is minor, as shown by [160], and particularly low in cyanobacteria (e.g., [161]).…”

Accumulation of heavy metals in food web components across a gradient of lakes

“…These results suggest that macrozooplankton derive metal from ingestion of smaller zooplankton (scenario [2]) and that Hg levels in large zooplankton biomagnify from their food sources (smaller zooplankton), whereas As and Pb biodiminish. Field evidence for biomagnification of Hg in zooplankton food webs has been shown (Mason and Sullivan 1997;Monson and Brezonik 1998;Watras et al 1998) and diminution of both As and Pb have been demonstrated previously (As in the laboratory, Maeda et al 1992;Maeda 1994;Kaise et al 1997;Pb in streams and estuaries, Suedel et al 1994;Chen and Folt in press).…”

Arsenic concentration and speciation in five freshwater fish species from Back Bay near Yellowknife, NT, CANADA

“…Kaise et al (1997) found that the major arsenic species present in four different species of freshwater fish were TMA compounds (55.5-78.4% of total arsenic) followed by DMA (0.8.-43.2% of total arsenic). Slejkovec et al (2004) investigated nine different freshwater fish species belonging to four different families and found the major organic arsenic species in salmonids was AsB (92-100% of extractable arsenic) and in burbot (Lota lota) was DMA (75% of extractable arsenic).…”

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influencing Arsenic Biogeochemistry and Toxicity in Fluvial Ecosystems: A Review

“…In recent years, it has become apparent that methylation of arsenite may not be necessarily a detoxification process, as various metabolic species can be produced that are even more toxic than their arsenite analogs, such as the monomethylarsenite (MMA III , or methylarsonous acid, MMAA III ), and dimethylarsenite (DMA III or dimethylarsinous acid, DMAA III ). Arsenite methylation can also produce trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), which seems to be not very noxious for fluvial diatoms (e.g., [158]), and the volatile trimethylarsine (TMA), a gaseous arsine produced mainly by bacteria (e.g., [159]). Biological production of TMA by epipsammic biofilms is minor, as shown by [160], and particularly low in cyanobacteria (e.g., [161]).…”