Biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation

Abstract

We did not find evidence that giving smokers feedback on their smoking exposure, their genetic risk of smoking-related disease, or the e ects of smoking on their body helps them quit smoking. The most promising results were for giving people feedback on the harm smoking does to their bodies. The studies did not report on harms or side e ects of providing feedback. However, given the nature of the measurements (lung or blood tests), we would expect the risk of harms to be low. Certainty of evidence Because of problems with the way some of the studies were conducted, we think that further research is likely to change our conclusions.

Self-Reported Smoking Status 10-Months After a Single Session Intervention Including an Education Conference About Smoking Harms and Announcement of Spirometric Lung-Age

“…10,17–21 However, a Cochrane review of the use of individual biomarkers ( eg ; CO measurements) revealing the damaging effects of smoking concluded “there is little evidence about the effects of biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation”. 53 In this study, and similar to others, 10,15–18 the main outcomes were related to the participants’ self-reported smoking status and their self-reported amount of daily cigarette consumption. Some additional outcomes were verified in other related studies ( eg ; quit attempts, 10,11 attending smoking cessation counseling, 15,18 intention to quit in the future, 15,19 smoking cessation motivation, 14 exhaled CO, 18 patch-use, 18 changes in FTCD score, 10 total number of visits attended, 10 interim visits, 10 alteration in self-efficacy, 10 desire to repeat SLA test, 19 Prochaska's wheel of change 21 ).…”

Self-Reported Smoking Status 10-Months After a Single Session Intervention Including an Education Conference About Smoking Harms and Announcement of Spirometric Lung-Age

“…10,17–21 However, a Cochrane review of the use of individual biomarkers ( eg ; CO measurements) revealing the damaging effects of smoking concluded “there is little evidence about the effects of biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation”. 53 In this study, and similar to others, 10,15–18 the main outcomes were related to the participants’ self-reported smoking status and their self-reported amount of daily cigarette consumption. Some additional outcomes were verified in other related studies ( eg ; quit attempts, 10,11 attending smoking cessation counseling, 15,18 intention to quit in the future, 15,19 smoking cessation motivation, 14 exhaled CO, 18 patch-use, 18 changes in FTCD score, 10 total number of visits attended, 10 interim visits, 10 alteration in self-efficacy, 10 desire to repeat SLA test, 19 Prochaska's wheel of change 21 ).…”

Effectiveness of a motivational intervention based on spirometry results to achieve smoking cessation in primary healthcare patients: randomised, parallel, controlled multicentre study

“…The evidence about the effect of spirometry as a motivational strategy to quit smoking is limited and controversial. 15 Our findings in this pragmatic clinical trial confirmed that patients who received brief advice plus detailed spirometry information doubled prolonged abstinence rates, compared with brief advice alone, in 12-month follow-up (HR 1.98 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.04)). Success was also more likely in participants at advanced stage of the change process (preparation or action), and in those who accepted an intensive-motivational intervention and/or use smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.…”

Spirometry and Smoking Cessation in Primary Care: The ESPIROTAB STUDY, A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…When comparing our study with the existing literature, we see that the findings are diverse [ 7 , 27 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Few studies have assessed the effect of feedback on spirometry results [ 36 , 37 , 38 ] or lung age [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] independently, and they offer opposing results.…”

Self-Reported Smoking Status 10-Months After a Single Session Intervention Including an Education Conference About Smoking Harms and Announcement of Spirometric Lung-Age

“…10,17–21 However, a Cochrane review of the use of individual biomarkers ( eg ; CO measurements) revealing the damaging effects of smoking concluded “there is little evidence about the effects of biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation”. 53 In this study, and similar to others, 10,15–18 the main outcomes were related to the participants’ self-reported smoking status and their self-reported amount of daily cigarette consumption. Some additional outcomes were verified in other related studies ( eg ; quit attempts, 10,11 attending smoking cessation counseling, 15,18 intention to quit in the future, 15,19 smoking cessation motivation, 14 exhaled CO, 18 patch-use, 18 changes in FTCD score, 10 total number of visits attended, 10 interim visits, 10 alteration in self-efficacy, 10 desire to repeat SLA test, 19 Prochaska's wheel of change 21 ).…”

Effectiveness of a motivational intervention based on spirometry results to achieve smoking cessation in primary healthcare patients: randomised, parallel, controlled multicentre study

“…The evidence about the effect of spirometry as a motivational strategy to quit smoking is limited and controversial. 15 Our findings in this pragmatic clinical trial confirmed that patients who received brief advice plus detailed spirometry information doubled prolonged abstinence rates, compared with brief advice alone, in 12-month follow-up (HR 1.98 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.04)). Success was also more likely in participants at advanced stage of the change process (preparation or action), and in those who accepted an intensive-motivational intervention and/or use smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.…”

Spirometry and Smoking Cessation in Primary Care: The ESPIROTAB STUDY, A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…When comparing our study with the existing literature, we see that the findings are diverse [ 7 , 27 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Few studies have assessed the effect of feedback on spirometry results [ 36 , 37 , 38 ] or lung age [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] independently, and they offer opposing results.…”

Self-Reported Smoking Status 10-Months After a Single Session Intervention Including an Education Conference About Smoking Harms and Announcement of Spirometric Lung-Age

“…10,17–21 However, a Cochrane review of the use of individual biomarkers ( eg ; CO measurements) revealing the damaging effects of smoking concluded “there is little evidence about the effects of biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation”. 53 In this study, and similar to others, 10,15–18 the main outcomes were related to the participants’ self-reported smoking status and their self-reported amount of daily cigarette consumption. Some additional outcomes were verified in other related studies ( eg ; quit attempts, 10,11 attending smoking cessation counseling, 15,18 intention to quit in the future, 15,19 smoking cessation motivation, 14 exhaled CO, 18 patch-use, 18 changes in FTCD score, 10 total number of visits attended, 10 interim visits, 10 alteration in self-efficacy, 10 desire to repeat SLA test, 19 Prochaska's wheel of change 21 ).…”

Effectiveness of a motivational intervention based on spirometry results to achieve smoking cessation in primary healthcare patients: randomised, parallel, controlled multicentre study

“…The evidence about the effect of spirometry as a motivational strategy to quit smoking is limited and controversial. 15 Our findings in this pragmatic clinical trial confirmed that patients who received brief advice plus detailed spirometry information doubled prolonged abstinence rates, compared with brief advice alone, in 12-month follow-up (HR 1.98 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.04)). Success was also more likely in participants at advanced stage of the change process (preparation or action), and in those who accepted an intensive-motivational intervention and/or use smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.…”

Spirometry and Smoking Cessation in Primary Care: The ESPIROTAB STUDY, A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…When comparing our study with the existing literature, we see that the findings are diverse [ 7 , 27 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Few studies have assessed the effect of feedback on spirometry results [ 36 , 37 , 38 ] or lung age [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] independently, and they offer opposing results.…”