Biomechanics of the finger with anatomical restrictions—The significance for the exercising hand of the musician

Towards a Realistic and Self-Contained Biomechanical Model of the Hand

“…Some of them tried to study the functionality of different anatomical elements with the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of the causes and effects of many hand pathologies. These are usually very simplified (mostly two-dimensional) kinematic models (sometimes dynamic) that are used to perform qualitative analyses (Leijnse et al, 1992; www.intechopen.com Storace & Wolf, 1979). Others were developed to help in medical planning and surgery for patients; they are usually dynamic models and are used to perform quantitative analyses, such as the study of the tendon excursions in the medical planning of tendon transfers (Giurintano & Hollister, 1991) or to study the nervous stimulation required to restore the grasping ability in muscular dysfunction patients (Esteki & Mansour, 1997).…”

A two-dimensional kinematic model of the lumbrical in the human finger

“…[Note that in equation (3a) the displacement of the lumbrical at the PIP is equal to the displacements of extensor and interosseus in the model (1) (same insertions), and that this displacement is determined only by the medial band (Leijnse et al, 1992).] The subtraction of expression (3b) from expression (3.a), and the substitution the coupling mechanism of the PIP and DIP joint [equation (le)] in the result and also in the expression (3b), results in the equations (4a) and (4e) of the displacement model of the finger with lumbrical: The meaning of these slacks is explained further.…”

“…In this paper, the two-dimensional kinematic finger model of Leijnse et al (1992) : (L) all join two common end tendons, called the medial (M) and lateral (T) band, which insert in the middle and end phalanx, respectively. Tendons can be slack; this is quantified by the non-negative slack variables ei(gi 2 0) .…”

“…In Leijnse et al (1992), a kinematic four-tendon finger model in which the explicit quantification of the slackness of tendons allowed a concise description of the kinematically feasible and controllable free finger movements was presented. In present paper the lumbrical is implemented in this model.…”

Grasp modelling with a biomechanical model of the hand

“…They were used to explain the function of different anatomical elements (Leijnse et al 1992; Leijnse and Kalker 1995;Spoor and Landsmeer 1976;Spoor 1983;Wolf 1979, 1982;Thomas et al 1968), the movement coordination of the interphalangeal joints (Buchner et al 1988;Lee and Rim 1990), to study the causes and effects of hand pathologies (Smith et al 1964;Wolf 1979, 1982) or even to obtain approximate values for the articular forces for testing prosthetic designs (Weightman and Amis 1982). By the year 2000, few attempts of developing a three-dimensional model were performed (Biryukova and Yourovskaya 1994;Casolo and Lorenzi 1994;Chao and An 1978;Chao et al 1976;Esteki and Giurintano et al 1995;Mansour 1997;Mansour et al 1994;Valero-Cuevas et al 1998).…”