Biomechanical influence of narrow‐diameter implants placed at the crestal and subcrestal level in the maxillary anterior region. A 3D finite element analysis

Abstract

PurposeTo evaluate the tendency of movement, stress distribution, and microstrain of single‐unit crowns in simulated cortical and trabecular bone, implants, and prosthetic components of narrow‐diameter implants with different lengths placed at the crestal and subcrestal levels in the maxillary anterior region using 3D finite element analysis (FEA).Materials and methodsSix 3D models were simulated using Invesalius 3.0, Rhinoceros 4.0, and SolidWorks software. Each model simulated the right anterior maxillary region including a Morse taper implant of Ø2.9 mm with different lengths (7, 10, and 13 mm) placed at the crestal and subcrestal level and supporting a cement‐retained monolithic single crown in the area of tooth 12. The FEA was performed using ANSYS 19.2. The simulated applied force was 178 N at 0°, 30°, and 60°. The results were analyzed using maps of displacement, von Mises (vM) stress, maximum principal stress, and microstrain.ResultsModels with implants at the subcrestal level showed greater displacement. vM stress increased in the implant and prosthetic components when implants were placed at the subcrestal level compared with the crestal level; the length of the implants had a low influence on the stress distribution. Higher stress and strain concentrations were observed in the cortical bone of the subcrestal placement, independent of implant length. Non‐axial loading influenced the increased stress and strain in all the evaluated structures.ConclusionsNarrow‐diameter implants positioned at the crestal level showed a more favorable biomechanical behavior for simulated cortical bone, implants, and prosthetic components. Implant length had a smaller influence on stress or strain distribution than the other variables.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the Stress and Strain Distribution in Cone-Morse Implant–Abutment Connection Implants Placed Equicrestally and Subcrestally

“…In this context, the FEA could also estimate the surrounding bone response to the implant insertion at different depths. This may provide simulated indications of possible bone resorption or increase in bone density, which may occur over time due to the interaction between implant and bone [40][41][42].…”

“…It is important to note that FEA is a numerical simulation tool, and its predictions depend on the accuracy of data and material properties used in the model. Therefore, FEA studies should be considered as a support for the interpretation of the results and further clinical decisions should be made basing on an overall assessment, also taking into account other patient-specific clinical and radiographic considerations [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the Stress and Strain Distribution in Cone-Morse Implant-Abutment Connection Implants Placed in an Equicrestal and Subcrestal Position

“…In this context, the FEA could also estimate the surrounding bone response to the implant insertion at different depths. This may provide simulated indications of possible bone resorption or increase in bone density, which may occur over time due to the interaction between implant and bone [42][43][44].…”

“…It is important to note that FEA is a numerical simulation tool, and its predictions depend on the accuracy of data and material properties used in the model. Therefore, FEA studies should be considered as a support for the interpretation of the results and further clinical decisions should be made basing on an overall assessment, also taking into account other patient-specific clinical and radiographic considerations [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44].…”