Biology of trichomonosis

Lehker, Michael W.; Alderete, John F.

doi:10.1097/00001432-200002000-00007

Cited by 68 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Studies conducted showed that 20% of the women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis develop a foul odor similar to rotten fish, as well as profuse discharge which can be foamy, if associated with Micrococcus alcaligenes aerogenes, and mucopurulent. (27,28) However, previous studies (15,25) found that the odor was present in 25% to 50% of the women studied. Dyspareunia, which is pain during or after intercourse, caused by trauma, infection or inflammation, affects women in the sexually active age range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Prevalência e fatores de risco independentes à tricomoníase em mulheres assistidas na atenção básica

et al. 2013

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Objective: Evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with trichomoniasis in women receiving primary health care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed, involving a sample of 314 medical records, randomly selected through a process of systematic sampling, among women receiving primary health care services. The socioeconomic, demographic and clinical variables were examined. Results: The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis was 10.5%, and 35% of the women studied lived in rural areas. The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of the presence of trichomoniasis were: high blood pressure, unpleasant vaginal odor and dyspareunia. Conclusion: In terms of practical applicability, the results can provide information for planning new nursing initiatives to prevent and reduce the prevalence of trichomoniasis in women. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à tricomoníase em mulheres assistidas na atenção primária. Métodos: Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal envolvendo uma amostra 314 prontuários, aleatoriamente selecionados por um processo de amostragem sistemática, entre as mulheres atendidas em serviços de atenção básica à saúde. Foram analisadas variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e clínicas. Resultados: A prevalência de Trichomonas vaginalis foi de 10,5%, sendo que 35% das mulheres analisadas residiam na zona rural. A análise de regressão logística ajustada mostrou como preditores independentes para a presença da tricomoníase: a elevada pressão arterial, odor vaginal desagradável e dispareunia. Conclusão: A aplicabilidade prática dos resultados refere-se a subsídios para o planejamento de novas ações de enfermagem para a prevenção e redução da prevalência da tricomoníase em mulheres.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Prevalência e fatores de risco independentes à tricomoníase em mulheres assistidas na atenção básica

et al. 2013

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“…As a mucosal pathogen, T. vaginalis should efficiently adapt to different environments such as alterations in extracellular nucleotide concentrations, hence more than one NTPDase gene sequence could collaborate to this aim. The adaptability of T. vaginalis to challenging environmental pressures may be explained by the fact that trichomonads possess signal transduction pathways that link changes in the environment with appropriate changes in transcriptional and post- transcriptional regulatory mechanisms [9]. In addition, T. vaginalis presented heterogeneity in nucleotide hydrolysis with different ATP:ADP hydrolysis ratios [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In women, T. vaginalis causes a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from a relatively asymptomatic state to severe inflammation and irritation with foul-smelling vaginal discharge, low abdominal pain, and dysuria [8,9]. Importantly, the infection is often recurrent, with no lasting immunity, suggesting the importance of innate immunity [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of purinergic signaling on nitric oxide production by neutrophils stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis

Frasson

Carli

Bonan

et al. 2011

Purinergic Signalling

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Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite from the human urogenital tract that causes trichomonosis, the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease. The neutrophil infiltration has been considered to be primarily responsible for cytological changes observed at infection site, and the chemoattractants can play an important role in this leukocytic recruitment. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most widespread mediator compounds, and it is implicated in modulation of immunological mechanisms. Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are signaling molecules involved in several processes, including immune responses and control of leukocyte trafficking. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase members, ecto-5′-nucleotidase, and adenosine deaminase (ectoADA) have been characterized in T. vaginalis. Herein, we investigated the effects of purinergic system on NO production by neutrophils stimulated with T. vaginalis. The trophozoites were able to induce a high NO synthesis by neutrophils through iNOS pathway. The extracellular nucleotides ATP, ADP, and ATPγS (a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog) showed no significant change in NO secretion. In contrast, adenosine and its degradation product, inosine, promoted a low production of the compound. The immunosuppressive effect of adenosine upon NO release by neutrophils occurred due to adenosine A 2A receptor activation. The ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity displayed by T. vaginalis was shown to be important in adenosine generation, indicating the efficiency of purinergic cascade. Our data suggest the influence of purinergic signaling, specifically adenosinergic system, on NO production by neutrophils in T. vaginalis infection, contributing to the immunological aspects of disease.

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“…Infection by T. vaginalis in women leads to vaginal discharge and edema, vulvar itching, erythema, infertility, and can affect pregnancy course, causing premature birth or low birth weight. In men, it causes dysuria, epididymitis, urethritis, and prostatitis [6,7]. Trichonomiasis has also been associated with a predisposition to cervical and prostate cancers, and increased risks of HIV and HPV acquisition and transmission [8].…”

Section: Giardiasis Is An Intestinal Infection In Humans Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and <i>in vitro</i> antiprotozoal activity of some 2- amino-4-phenyloxazole derivatives

Carballo¹,

Patrón-Vázquez²,

Cáceres-Castillo³

et al. 2017

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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Purpose: To prepare some 2-amino-4-(p-substituted phenyl)-oxazole derivatives and to evaluate their in vitro antiprotozoal activity against Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. Methods: The 2-amino-4-(p-substituted phenyl)-oxazoles (a-g) were synthesized by microwave (MW) irradiation of mixtures of p-substituted 2-bromoacetophenones and urea in dimethylformamide (DMF). All compounds were identified by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and lowand high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). NMR assignments were made based on heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) experiments. Each synthesized compound's melting point was determined. Antiprotozoal activity against Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis was quantified using a rigorous and sensitive subculture method. The commercial drug, metronidazole, was used as positive control. The 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the antiprotozoal agents for each protozoa was determined. Results: Seven 2-amino-4-(p-substituted phenyl)-oxazoles (a-g) were synthesized. The most active compounds against G. lamblia was 2-amino-4-(p-benzoyloxyphenyl)-oxazole (3d) with an IC50 of 1.17 µM, while compound 3e (2-amino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-oxazole) showed the highest anti-trichomonal activity (IC50, 1.89 µM). Conclusion: The in vitro antigiardial activity of 2-amino-4-(p-benzoyloxyphenyl) oxazole was higher than that exhibited by metronidazole; however, it is necessary increase the number of synthetic derivatives in order to be able to determine their structure-activity relationship.

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Biology of trichomonosis

Cited by 68 publications

References 113 publications

Prevalência e fatores de risco independentes à tricomoníase em mulheres assistidas na atenção básica

Prevalência e fatores de risco independentes à tricomoníase em mulheres assistidas na atenção básica

Involvement of purinergic signaling on nitric oxide production by neutrophils stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis

Synthesis and <i>in vitro</i> antiprotozoal activity of some 2- amino-4-phenyloxazole derivatives

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