Biological sex and age-related differences shape the antiviral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Mendoza, Vicky Margarita Montaño; Cortina, Yorjagis Andres Mendez; Rodríguez‐Perea, Ana Lucía; Fernández, Geysson Javier; Rugeles, Marı́a Teresa; Hernández, Paula; Maya, Wálter Cardona

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13045

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 50 publications

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“…However, their concentrations did not differ from those found in mildly or asymptomatically infected patients. Although females frequently mount better humoral responses than men, including in the context of COVID-19 [42,43], multivariate analysis performed in the present study did not indicate that it affects the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies, for which gender differences were not explored previously. Interestingly, the odds of seropositivity for anti-NP and anti-RBD were also higher in subjects aged 50 and over.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Influenza vaccination as a prognostic factor of humoral IgA responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Poniedziałek,

Sikora,

Hallmann

et al. 2024

cejoi

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There is evidence that influenza vaccination may provide additional benefits by inducing training of innate immunity and increasing humoral responses to heterologous challenges. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies dominate the early phase of the adaptive response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but whether their production may be associated with previous influenza vaccination has not been a subject of any study. This study compared serum SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA responses, measured with Microblot-Array assay, in individuals who experienced COVID-19 (N = 1318) and differed in the status of the seasonal influenza vaccine, age, sex, and disease severity. Influenza-vaccinated individuals had a higher seroprevalence of IgA antibodies against nucleocapsid (anti-NP; by 10.1%), receptor-binding domain of spike protein (anti-RBD; by 11.8%) and the S2 subunit of spike protein (anti-S2; by 6.8%). Multivariate analysis, including age, sex, and COVID-19 severity, confirmed that receiving the influenza vaccine was associated with higher odds of being seropositive for anti-NP (OR, 95% CI = 1.57, 1.2-2.0), anti-RBD (OR, 95% CI = 1.6, 1.3-2.0), and anti-S2 (OR, 95% CI = 1.9, 1.4-2.7), as well as being seropositive for at least one anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody (OR, 95% CI = 1.7, 1.3-2.1) and all three of them (OR, 95% CI = 2.6, 1.7-4.0). Age ≥ 50 years was an additional factor predicting better IgA responses. However, the concentration of particular antibodies in seropositive subjects did not differ in relation to the influenza vaccination status. The study evidenced that influenza vaccination was associated with improved serum IgA levels produced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are necessary to assess whether trained immunity is involved in the observed phenomenon.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Influenza vaccination as a prognostic factor of humoral IgA responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Poniedziałek,

Sikora,

Hallmann

et al. 2024

cejoi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Spike protein is a key target for stronger and more persistent T-cell responses—a study of mild and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Ssali,

Mugaba,

Watelo

et al. 2023

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Presence of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells before vaccination in the Mexican population

Hernandez-Galicia,

Gomez-Morales,

Lopez-Bailon

et al. 2024

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively studied following the pandemic outbreak in 2020; however, the presence of specific T cells against SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination has not been evaluated in Mexico. In this study, we estimated the frequency of T CD4+ and T CD8+ cells that exhibit a specific response to S (spike) and N (nucleocapsid) proteins in a Mexican population. We collected 78 peripheral blood samples from unvaccinated subjects and the presence of antibodies against spike (RBD) and N protein was determined. PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were isolated and stimulated with a pool of S or N protein peptides (Wuhan-Hu-1 strain). IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF levels were quantified in the supernatant of the activated cells, and the cells were stained to assess the activation and memory phenotypes. Differential activation frequency dependent upon serological status was observed in CD4+ cells, but not in CD8+ cells. The predominantly activated population was the central memory T CD4+ cells. Only 10% of the population exhibited the same phenotype with respect to the response to nucleocapsid peptides. The cytokine profile differed between the S and N responses. S peptides induced a more proinflammatory response compared with the N peptides. In conclusion, in a Mexican cohort before vaccination, there was a significant response to the S and N SARS-CoV-2 proteins resulting from previous infections with seasonal coronaviruses or previous undetected exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

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Biological sex and age-related differences shape the antiviral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Influenza vaccination as a prognostic factor of humoral IgA responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Influenza vaccination as a prognostic factor of humoral IgA responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Spike protein is a key target for stronger and more persistent T-cell responses—a study of mild and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Presence of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells before vaccination in the Mexican population

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