Biological Notes on Ocypus Olen, a Predator of Brown Garden Snail, With Descriptions of the Larva and Pupa(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Pupae of the mega-diverse rove beetle tribe Staphylinini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae): their traits and systematic significance

“…Most of the data and all the drawings have been taken from papers by the present authors, published between 1996–2014. Some information relating to Abemus and in part to: Creophilus , Ocypus , Philonthus , Platydracus , Quedius and Staphylinus , has been taken from papers by other authors (e.g., Szujecki 1965; Dajoz and Caussanel 1968; Orth et al 1976; Boháč 1982, 1987; Schmidt 1994b; Moseley et al 2006; Vorst and Heijerman 2015). The paper also includes new information on the pupa of Emus hirtus (L.) which was hitherto unknown, and photographs and notes supplementing existing descriptions of the pupae of nine genera, represented by species: Acylophorus wagenschieberi Kies., Creophilus maxillosus (L.), Gabrius appendiculatus Sharp, Ocypus fulvipennis (Er.…”

11. Staphylinoidea Latreille, 1802. Teil 2

“…Geographical distributions of subfamilies. Counts from Herman (2001), Newton & Thayer (2003), and Newton (unpublished database, by permission, 14 Dec 2003 debris, and fungi (Horion 1967;Newton et al 2000) and the latter in many kinds of fermenting plant material (Kuschel 1990;Assing 1996 a;Mineau 1998;Tronquet 2000;Newton et al 2000). All areas are mutually exclusive: Neotropical exludes Chile and southern Argentina; Afrotropical excludes Southern Africa.…”

“…First sources used were Newton et al (2000) and Navarrete-Heredia et al (2002); Appendix 1 indicates those or other references as sources for each table cell. Voris 1934;Wheater 1987;Whitehead 1995Whitehead , 1999Young 1982Young , 1998and Physetops, Kryzhanovsky 1965, who described their cylindrical bodies as allowing them to hunt in the isopods' tunnels); Acarina (Steninae, Paederinae, Whitehead 1995); Gastropoda (snails, Staphylininae: Ocypus, Orth et al 1976;slugs, Ocypus, Wheater 1987;Whitehead 1995); Diptera larvae or eggs as food for a member of a generally saprophagous group (adults and larvae of Oxytelinae: Platystethus and Anotylus, Hu & Frank 1995 a;Palomino P. & Dale L. 1989; several references in Good & Giller 1991). = details uncertain; ?…”

“…Abdominal defensive glands, with associated reservoirs and dispersal structures, are a widespread phenomenon in Staphylinidae adults, but it is quite clear from their different positions and structures in different subfamilies that they represent several separate origins within the family; Dettner (1993) reviewed those of free-living (non-inquilinous) staphylinids. Some of these are: Omaliine group: Klinger & Maschwitz (1977), Dettner & Reissenweber (1991); Aleocharinae: Peschke & Metzler (1982), Steidle & Dettner (1990; Oxytelinae: Steidle (1995), Steidle & Dettner (1993; Steninae: Kanehisa & Tsumuki (1996) (2001). Paired gland complexes occur in Oxytelinae, opening anterolateral^ on tergite IX, also anterolaterally on tergite X in Deleaster (Dettner et al 1985; fine structure, Happ & Happ 1973); some Pseudopsinae, opening anterolateral^ on tergite IX (Herman 1975;Newton 1982 a); Staphylininae: Staphylinini: Staphylinina, Philonthina, Anisolinina, and Xanthopygina, everting between tergites VIII and IX (Dettner 1993;Kanehisa et al 1994 [as VI and VII], Chatzimanolis 2003;Solodovnikov & Newton 2005); Steninae, one of two pairs of glands emptying into the hindgut (Jenkins 1957;Schildknecht 1970;Schildknecht et al 1976); and Staphylinini: ?Xanthopygina: Algon (formerly Quediina), emptying into the hindgut (Dettner 1993, though Kanehisa et al 1984 reported Algon spraying its secretion).…”

“…Although no defensive glands are known yet from the apex of the abdomen in Paederinae, Park (1935) observed Megastilicus apparently killing host Formica ants using a white secretion appearing at its abdominal tip. In a series of recent papers, Kellner (2001,2002 and included references) has determined that 1) there is polymorphism within species with respect to the ability to biosynthesise pederin, 2) only females do so, 3) such females incorporate the toxin into their eggs, 4) the toxin-producing capacity can be transmitted horizontally by consumption of those eggs or the resulting larvae, and 5) the biosynthetic ability results from the presence of a particular strain of endosymbiotic bacteria apparently related to those allowing synthesis of pederin analogs by marine sponges. Chatzimanolis (2003) observed Staphylininae: Nordus deterring Ectatomma ants, possibly through use of the abdominal defensive glands.…”