Biological nitrogen fixation for sustainable agriculture: A perspective

Bohlool, B. Ben; Ladha, J. K.; Garrity, D. P.; George, Thomas

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0910-1_1

Cited by 66 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Here, we demonstrate that metabolic production of glutathione is essential to protect R. tropici against environmental stresses that are frequently found in nature, such as acidity and osmotic or oxidative shock. Soil acidity and other acid-related toxicity factors, including aluminum and manganese toxicity, have previously been implicated to be major environmental constraints affecting the symbiotic performance of legumes (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that soil acidity, temperature, and salinity affect rhizobial persistence in the soil and rhizosphere of plants, as well as the efficiency of nodulation, especially in tropical areas (5,9,25). The isolation of rhizobial strains that exhibit an intrinsic acid tolerance has been described and has facilitated studies on the basic mechanisms underlying acid tolerance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Glutathione Is Involved in Environmental Stress Responses in Rhizobium tropici , Including Acid Tolerance

et al. 2000

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The isolation of rhizobial strains which exhibit an intrinsic tolerance to acidic conditions has been reported and has facilitated studies on the basic mechanisms underlying acid tolerance. Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT899 displays a high intrinsic tolerance to acidity and therefore was used in this work to study the molecular basis of bacterial responses to acid conditions and other environmental stresses. We generated a collection of R. tropici CIAT899 mutants affected in acid tolerance using Tn5-luxAB mutagenesis, and one mutant strain (CIAT899-13T2), which fails to grow under acid conditions, was characterized in detail. Strain CIAT899-13T2 was found to contain a single Tn5-luxAB insertion in a gene showing a high degree of similarity with the Escherichia coli gshB gene, encoding the enzyme glutathione synthetase. Intracellular potassium pools and intracellular pH levels were found to be lower in the mutant than in the parent. The glutathione-deficient mutant was shown to be sensitive to weak organic acids, osmotic and oxidative stresses, and the presence of methylglyoxal. Glutathione restores responses to these stresses almost to wild-type levels. Our data show that in R. tropici the production of glutathione is essential for growth in extreme environmental conditions. The mutant strain CIAT899-13T2 induced effective nodules; however, it was found to be outcompeted by the wild-type strain in coinoculation experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Glutathione Is Involved in Environmental Stress Responses in Rhizobium tropici , Including Acid Tolerance

et al. 2000

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“…This is often replenished through fertilizer N additions, or, at least in part through natural processes, the most important of which is biological N fixation (BNF). It has been estimated that on a global scale, BNF may contribute some 90 million tons ha −1 yr −1 to agricultural systems (Bohlool et al, 1992). Burns and Hardy (1975) estimated BNF based on different land types (Dou, 1989) …”

Section: N Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI) index application in Mainland China

et al. 2014

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“…Since the 1960s, rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield has increased markedly through the so-called Green Revolution, with yield improvements achieved mainly through the use of high-yield varieties and the heavy application of chemical fertilizer (Bohlool et al 1992, Fischer 1998, Khush 1999. The production of chemical fertilizers requires large amounts of fossil fuel, and their heavy use may lead to eutrophication of lakes, rivers, and ground water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variations in dry matter production and physiological nitrogen use efficiency in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) varieties

2009

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The objective of this study was to investigate varietal differences in dry matter production and physiological nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) using a wide range of rice (Oryza sative L.) varieties at an early growth stage. The results provide useful information for breeding suitable varieties for cultivation under conditions of low soil fertility or with reduced fertilizer use for sustainable agriculture. Thirty-one rice varieties were used, and seedlings were grown under 8 nitrogen treatment conditions. The effects of natural variations in embryo and/or endosperm size on initial growth were controlled for by comparing the relative dry weight (RDW) of nitrogen-treated samples and controls. The rice varieties were classified into 5 groups by cluster analysis. Overall, the present study found that there are wide variations in PNUE among varieties with similar levels of RDW under varying nitrogen conditions. Variations in PNUE were greater under lower nitrogen conditions; in contrast, variations in RDW were greater under higher nitrogen conditions. These data, along with those of other studies, indicate differences in nitrogen use efficiency between Indica-and Japonicatypes, upland and lowland varieties, and landraces and improved types.

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Biological nitrogen fixation for sustainable agriculture: A perspective

Cited by 66 publications

References 31 publications

Glutathione Is Involved in Environmental Stress Responses in Rhizobium tropici , Including Acid Tolerance

Glutathione Is Involved in Environmental Stress Responses in Rhizobium tropici , Including Acid Tolerance

Net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI) index application in Mainland China

Genetic variations in dry matter production and physiological nitrogen use efficiency in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) varieties

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