Biological functions of thiamine derivatives: Focus on non-coenzyme roles

Bettendorff, Lucien; Wins, Pierre

doi:10.13172/2052-9651-1-1-860

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A specific binding protein for thiamin, thiamin‐binding protein (TBP), has been identified in rat serum, which is believed to be a specific, hormonally regulated carrier protein that is essential for the distribution of thiamin to critical tissues 2 . Although the specific roles of TBPs in humans remains unclear, there is now growing evidence in favor of the existence of TBPs with specific roles in the nervous system, possibly in the regulation of neurotransmitter release 17 …”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Free thiamin or TMP can cross the cell membranes and can be found in extracellular fluids, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid 2 , 3 . Thiamin is transported into mammalian cells by specific transporters and immediately phosphorylated to its diphosphate form by cytosolic pyrophosphokinase 17 . Following absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, most of the free thiamin is transported by the portal blood to the liver and phosphorylated to its active form, TPP 3 .…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, most of the free thiamin is transported by the portal blood to the liver and phosphorylated to its active form, TPP 3 . Within the cell, TPP can be phosphorylated by TDP kinase, to form thiamin triphosphate, or it can be transformed to adenylated derivatives 17 . However, the most obvious fate for cytosolic‐free TPP is hydrolysis to TMP, which requires the action of thiamin phosphorylase 2 , 3 , 17 .…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the cell, TPP can be phosphorylated by TDP kinase, to form thiamin triphosphate, or it can be transformed to adenylated derivatives 17 . However, the most obvious fate for cytosolic‐free TPP is hydrolysis to TMP, which requires the action of thiamin phosphorylase 2 , 3 , 17 . TMP can be recycled to free thiamin or can be excreted.…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to its coenzyme roles, TPP plays a role in nerve structure and function as well as brain metabolism 2 , 3 , 17 , 19 …”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thiamin in Clinical Practice

Frank

2015

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

132

150

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Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin also known as vitamin B1. Its biologically active form, thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), is a cofactor in macronutrient metabolism. In addition to its coenzyme roles, TPP plays a role in nerve structure and function as well as brain metabolism. Signs and symptoms of thiamin deficiency (TD) include lactic acidosis, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and ocular changes (eg, nystagmus). More advanced symptoms include confabulation and memory loss and/or psychosis, resulting in Wernicke's encephalopathy and/or Wernicke's Korsakoff syndrome, respectively. The nutrition support clinician should be aware of patients who may be at risk for TD. Risk factors include those patients with malnutrition due to 1 or more nutrition-related etiologies: decreased nutrient intake, increased nutrient losses, or impaired nutrient absorption. Clinical scenarios such as unexplained heart failure or lactic acidosis, renal failure with dialysis, alcoholism, starvation, hyperemesis gravidarum, or bariatric surgery may increase the risk for TD. Patients who are critically ill and require nutrition support may also be at risk for TD, especially those who are given intravenous dextrose void of thiamin repletion. Furthermore, understanding thiamin's role as a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes, some inborn errors of metabolism, and neurodegenerative diseases warrants further research. This tutorial describes the absorption, digestion, and metabolism of thiamin. Issues pertaining to thiamin in clinical practice will be described, and evidence-based practice suggestions for the prevention and treatment of TD will be discussed.

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Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to its coenzyme roles, TPP plays a role in nerve structure and function as well as brain metabolism 2 , 3 , 17 , 19 …”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Thiamin in Clinical Practice

Frank

2015

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

132

150

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On the nature of thiamine triphosphate in Arabidopsis

2020

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Vitamin B1 is a family of molecules, the most renowned member of which is diphosphorylated thiamine (TDP)—a coenzyme vital for the activity of key enzymes of energy metabolism. Triphosphorylated thiamine derivatives also exist within this family, specifically thiamine triphosphate (TTP) and adenosine thiamine triphosphate (ATTP). They have been investigated primarily in mammalian cells and are thought to act as metabolic messengers but have not received much attention in plants. In this study, we set out to examine for the presence of these triphosphorylated thiamine derivatives in Arabidopsis. We could find TTP in Arabidopsis under standard growth conditions, but we could not detect ATTP. Interestingly, TTP is found primarily in shoot tissue. Drivers of TTP synthesis are light intensity, the proton motive force, as well as TDP content. In plants, TTP accumulates in the organellar powerhouses, the plastids, and mitochondria. Furthermore, in contrast to other B1 vitamers, there are strong oscillations in tissue levels of TTP levels over diel periods peaking early during the light period. The elevation of TTP levels during the day appears to be coupled to a photosynthesis‐driven process. We propose that TTP may signify TDP sufficiency, particularly in the organellar powerhouses, and discuss our findings in relation to its role.

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