Biological, chemical and thermal indices of soil organic matter stability in four grassland soils

Plante, Alain F.; Fernández, José M.; Haddix, Michelle L.; Steinweg, J. Megan; Conant, Richard T.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.024

Cited by 203 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, we observed an increase in DOC when incubated at 20 • C compared to 2 • C. Temperature has been shown to influence DOC, in which higher temperature may produce soluble compounds and hydrophilic acids that increase the DOC concentration (Christ and David, 1996). CO 2 emissions in permanent grasslands have been reported to be greater than in cultivated grasslands (Plante et al, 2011). Over the 120 days of incubation, we observed that the 17-year-old grassland showed markedly higher CO 2 emissions from 1-4-year-old grassland upon cultivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Grassland carbon sequestration and emissions following cultivation in a mixed crop rotation

Acharya

Rasmussen

Eriksen

2012

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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a b s t r a c tGrasslands are potential carbon sinks to reduce unprecedented increase in atmospheric CO 2 . Effect of age (1-4-year-old) and management (slurry, grazing multispecies mixture) of a grass phase mixed crop rotation on carbon sequestration and emissions upon cultivation was compared with 17-year-old grassland and a pea field as reference. Aboveground and root biomass were determined and soils were incubated to study CO 2 emissions after soil disturbance. Aboveground biomass was highest in 1-year-old grassland with slurry application and lowest in 4-year-old grassland without slurry application. Root biomass was highest in 4-year-old grassland, but all 1-4-year-old grasslands were in between the pea field (0.81 ± 0.094 g kg −1 soil) and the 17-year-old grassland (3.17 ± 0.22 g kg −1 soil). Grazed grasslands had significantly higher root biomass than cut grasslands. There was no significant difference in the CO 2 emissions within 1-4-year-old grasslands. Only the 17-year-old grassland showed markedly higher CO 2 emissions (4.9 ± 1.1 g CO 2 kg −1 soil). Differences in aboveground and root biomass did not affect CO 2 emissions, and slurry application did not either. The substantial increase in root biomass with age but indifference in CO 2 emissions across the age and management in temporary grasslands, thus, indicates potential for long-term sequestration of soil C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Grassland carbon sequestration and emissions following cultivation in a mixed crop rotation

Acharya

Rasmussen

Eriksen

2012

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…for particle size fractions (Ohm et al, 2007), chemical fractions (Plante et al, 2010), aggregate or density fractions (Crow et al, 2006(Crow et al, , 2007 with subsequent evaluation of active and slow pools. Similarly, this yields the relative pool sizes and decomposition rates, and direct comparisons with other studies are hardly possible (Plante et al, 2011). …”

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confidence: 99%

How to link soil C pools with CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes?

Kuzyakov¹

2011

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Despite the importance of carbon (C) pools and CO 2 fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems and especially in soils, as well as many attempts to assign fluxes to specific pools, this challenge remains unsolved. Interestingly, scientists investigating pools are not closely linked with scientists studying fluxes. This review therefore focused on experimental approaches enabling soil C pools to be linked with CO 2 flux from the soil. The background, advantages and shortcomings of uncoupled approaches (measuring only pools or fluxes) and of coupled approaches (measuring both pools and fluxes) were evaluated and their prerequisites -steady state of pools and isotopic steady state -described. The uncoupled approaches include: (i) monitoring the decrease of C pools in long-term fallow bare soil lacking C input over decades, (ii) analyzing components of CO 2 efflux dynamics by incubating soil without new C input over months or years, and (iii) analyzing turnover rates of C pools based on their 13 C and 14 C isotopic signature. The uncoupled approaches are applicable for non-steady state conditions only and have limited explanatory power. The more advantageous coupled approaches partition simultaneously pools and fluxes based on one of three types of changes in the isotopic signature of input C compared to soil C: (i) abrupt permanent, (ii) gradual permanent, and (iii) abrupt temporary impacts. I show how the maximal sensitivity of the approaches depends on the differences in the isotopic signature of pools with fast and slow turnover rates. The promising coupled approaches include: (a) δ 13 C of C pools and CO 2 efflux from soil after C 3 /C 4 vegetation changes or in FACE experiments (both corresponding to continuous labeling), (b) addition of 13 C or 14 C labeled organics (corresponding to pulse labeling), and (c) bomb-14 C. I show that physical separation of soil C pools is not a prerequisite to estimate pool size or to link pools with Correspondence to: Y. Kuzyakov (kuzyakov@gwdg.de) fluxes. Based on simple simulation of C aging in soil after the input, the discordance of MRT of C in pools and of C released in CO 2 was demonstrated. This discordance of MRT between pools and fluxes shows that the use of MRT of pools alone underestimates the fluxes at least for two times. The future challenges include combining two or more promising approaches to elucidate more than two C sources for CO 2 fluxes, and linking scientific communities investigating the pools with those investigating the fluxes. PreambleTwo high-ranking international conferences motivated me to prepare this review. At the first conference the results of various approaches to separate pools of soil organic matter (SOM), and thus carbon (C) pools in soil, were presented and discussed. These approaches are based on chemical and physical fractionations (extractability, particle and aggregate size, density, etc.) as well as their combinations (von Lutzow et al., 2007;Bruun et al., 2010). Despite some progress to separate C pools of different age and thus...

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“…Correlations between thermal stability and age of components in complex mixtures have been observed in both soils and sediments, with younger ages generally found for more thermally labile fractions (Plante et al, 2011;Rosenheim et al, 2008;Rosenheim and Galy, 2012). The youngest PyrOx fraction from a sedimentary organic mixture thus provides an estimate of the age of fresh organic matter and sediment deposition age.…”

Section: New Approaches For Refining Sediment Chronologymentioning

confidence: 92%

Late Quaternary climate variability and terrestrial carbon cycling in tropical South America

Fornace¹

2016

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Characterizing global and regional climate variability and climate-carbon cycle interactions in the past provides critical context for evaluating present and future climate trends. In this thesis, I use stable isotope and radiocarbon analysis of vascular plant biomarkers in lacustrine and marine sediment cores to explore late Quaternary climate variability and connections between past climate change and terrestrial carbon cycling in tropical South America. I investigate temporal and spatial trends in South American Summer Monsoon precipitation by reconstructing hydrologic variability over the past 50,000 years at two sites: the Lake Titicaca drainage basin in the Central Andes and the Pantanal wetlands in the interior lowlands. Diverging hydrologic trends at these two sites during the last glacial period suggest altered monsoon circulation patterns under glacial conditions, while changes in summer insolation appear to be an important control of precipitation at both sites during the Holocene. I next assess the relationship between climate change and the age structure of terrestrial biospheric carbon exported from two tropical catchments over the past 20,000 years. Radiocarbon dating of leaf waxes in Cariaco Basin and Lake Titicaca sediment records indicates that waxes preserved in sediments are likely composed of a fresh component transported to sediments within decades of production by vegetation and an old component derived from aged soil organic matter with an average age on the order of millennia at time of deposition. Results from both sites show that past hydrologic variability had a significant impact on the mobilization and export of different pools of terrestrial biospheric carbon. In particular, results from Cariaco Basin suggest that wetter conditions in the past resulted in increased export of fresh biospheric carbon to the ocean, representing a potentially important climate feedback mechanism on geologic timescales.

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Biological, chemical and thermal indices of soil organic matter stability in four grassland soils

Cited by 203 publications

References 37 publications

Grassland carbon sequestration and emissions following cultivation in a mixed crop rotation

Grassland carbon sequestration and emissions following cultivation in a mixed crop rotation

How to link soil C pools with CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes?

Late Quaternary climate variability and terrestrial carbon cycling in tropical South America

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Biological, chemical and thermal indices of soil organic matter stability in four grassland soils

Cited by 203 publications

References 37 publications

Grassland carbon sequestration and emissions following cultivation in a mixed crop rotation

Grassland carbon sequestration and emissions following cultivation in a mixed crop rotation

How to link soil C pools with CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes?

Late Quaternary climate variability and terrestrial carbon cycling in tropical South America

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How to link soil C pools with CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes?