Biological approaches for hypertrophic scars

Zhong, Lingzhi; Li, Meirong; Fu, Xiaobing

doi:10.1111/iwj.13286

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 194 publications

(348 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the correction of the protein composition and turnover, for example, via the biological approaches such as the control of cellular phenotype and secretion profiles [67] or ECM remodeling [68,69], looks more justified at the later stages of scarring, which are more relevant to the tasks of the reconstructive and plastic surgery. Considering our findings point to the role of non-collagenous protein components of ECM in the increase of the thickness, it looks especially promising to explore the scar matrisome components beyond the collagens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Old Scars: Histopathological, Biochemical and Thermal Analysis of the Scar Tissue Maturation

Fayzullin

Ignatieva

Захаркина

et al. 2021

Biology

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Mature hypertrophic scars (HSs) remain a challenging clinical problem, particularly due to the absence of biologically relevant experimental models as a standard rabbit ear HS model only reflects an early stage of scarring. The current study aims to adapt this animal model for simulation of mature HS by validating the time of the scar stabilization using qualitative and quantitative criteria. The full-thickness skin and perichondrium excision wounds were created on the ventral side of the rabbit ears. The tissue samples were studied on post-operation days (PODs) 30, 60, 90 and 120. The histopathological examination and morphometry were applied in parallel with biochemical analysis of protein and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content and amino acid composition. The supramolecular organization of collagen was explored by differential scanning calorimetry. Four stages of the rabbit ear HS maturation were delineated and attributed with the histolomorphometrical and physicochemical parameters of the tissue. The experimental scars formed in 30 days but stabilized structurally and biochemically only on POD 90–120. This evidence-based model can be used for the studies and testing of new treatments of the mature HSs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Old Scars: Histopathological, Biochemical and Thermal Analysis of the Scar Tissue Maturation

Fayzullin

Ignatieva

Захаркина

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…However, there is no data regarding plant-derived EVs on wound remodeling and scarring. Still, several herbal extracts and active herbal compounds have been shown to reduce hypertrophic scar and keloid formation, such as onion extract, grapes, and peanut-derived resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate from green tea and others [ 195 ]. Future research on whether EVs derived from these or other plants play a role in tissue remodeling in wound healing might provide new insights and potential therapeutic opportunities.…”

Section: Plant-derived Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Skin Wound Healing

et al. 2021

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Each year, millions of individuals suffer from a non-healing wound, abnormal scarring, or injuries accompanied by an infection. For these cases, scientists are searching for new therapeutic interventions, from which one of the most promising is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Naturally, EV-based signaling takes part in all four wound healing phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Such an extensive involvement of EVs suggests exploiting their action to modulate the impaired healing phase. Furthermore, next to their natural wound healing capacity, EVs can be engineered for better defined pharmaceutical purposes, such as carrying specific cargo or targeting specific destinations by labelling them with certain surface proteins. This review aims to promote scientific awareness in basic and translational research of EVs by summarizing the current knowledge about their natural role in each stage of skin repair and the most recent findings in application areas, such as wound healing, skin regeneration, and treatment of dermal diseases, including the stem cell-derived, plant-derived, and engineered EVs.

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“…This response is exaggerated and modified in hypertrophic scars and keloids which lack effective treatments and cause discomfort, functional disability, and psychological distress [ 319 ]. Hypertrophic scars are often a disfiguring result of surgery or trauma (e.g., burns) and contain an abundance of myofibroblasts, oriented collagen bundles, and regress partially, while keloids contain thick collagen bundles, few fibroblasts, extend beyond the wound margin, do not regress, have occluded blood vessels, and are more common in dark-skinned individuals [ 320 , 321 , 322 ].…”

Section: Skin Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Organ Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Therapies, and Diagnostics

Brigstock

2021

Cells

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Fibrosis is the unrelenting deposition of excessively large amounts of insoluble interstitial collagen due to profound matrigenic activities of wound-associated myofibroblasts during chronic injury in diverse tissues and organs. It is a highly debilitating pathology that affects millions of people globally and leads to decreased function of vital organs and increased risk of cancer and end-stage organ disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced within the chronic wound environment have emerged as important vehicles for conveying pro-fibrotic signals between many of the cell types involved in driving the fibrotic response. On the other hand, EVs from sources such as stem cells, uninjured parenchymal cells, and circulation have in vitro and in vivo anti-fibrotic activities that have provided novel and much-needed therapeutic options. Finally, EVs in body fluids of fibrotic individuals contain cargo components that may have utility as fibrosis biomarkers, which could circumvent current obstacles to fibrosis measurement in the clinic, allowing fibrosis stage, progression, or regression to be determined in a manner that is accurate, safe, minimally-invasive, and conducive to repetitive testing. This review highlights the rapid and recent progress in our understanding of EV-mediated fibrotic pathogenesis, anti-fibrotic therapy, and fibrosis staging in the lung, kidney, heart, liver, pancreas, and skin.

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Biological approaches for hypertrophic scars

Cited by 28 publications

References 194 publications

Modeling of Old Scars: Histopathological, Biochemical and Thermal Analysis of the Scar Tissue Maturation

Modeling of Old Scars: Histopathological, Biochemical and Thermal Analysis of the Scar Tissue Maturation

Extracellular Vesicles in Skin Wound Healing

Extracellular Vesicles in Organ Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Therapies, and Diagnostics

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