Biological and pharmacological aspects of tannins and potential biotechnological applications

Efficacy of Two Moroccan Cistus Species Extracts against Acne Vulgaris: Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities

“…Concerning tannins, de Melo et al [ 32 ] described their ROS reduction characteristics. The authors reported that their activities are associated with the number and degree of polymerization of reactive hydroxyl groups present in the phenolic rings and that those characteristics are associated with anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and health benefits.…”

Tannins from Different Parts of the Chestnut Trunk (Castanea Sativa Mill.): a Green and Effective Extraction Method and Their Profiling by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector-Mass Spectrometry

“…12 Tannins have long been overlooked because they are not bioavailable in the small intestine, but in these last years, it was demonstrated that they are degraded by the human microbiota producing small phenols that can re-enter the bloodstream as already observed for pomegranate ellagitannins. 5,13,14 Nowadays, the biological effects of phenol metabolites derived from microbiota fermentation is object of extensive studies, since several data suggest their role in mediating the benefits of polyphenols in human. 15 The chestnut extract and/or its fractions alone or in combination with other polyphenols have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antimycotic properties and a capacity of lowering nitrosamines and mycotoxins in raw food materials and food products.…”

“…Tannins are commonly found in different plant tissues such as leaves, roots, seeds, stems, and fruits, and among these, one of the richest sources is the pomegranate peel . Tannins are also present in bark and wood as in the case of oak and chestnut wood. − …”

“…Sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill) belongs to the family of Fagaceae , and it is one of the most common chestnut species in European countries, with the cultivation of chestnut for fruit production mainly concentrated in southern Europe, particularly in the Mediterranean area . Hence, in the current context, it is interesting to take into account the presence of considerable amounts of tannins in chestnut wood and trunk for designing new, sustainable, and innovative ways of enhancing sweet chestnut cultivation and its exploitation as a source of active principles. ,, The industrial processing aimed to extract tannins from chestnut wood started in France, Italy, and ex-Yugoslavia . In Europe, in 2016, the sweet chestnut covered more than 2.5 million ha, with approximately 90% of the cultivated areas concentrated in few countries such as France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Switzerland …”

“…Since 2018, in Italy, the regulation of the use of vegetable substances and preparations for food supplements includes the cortex of Castanea sativa Mill . Tannins have long been overlooked because they are not bioavailable in the small intestine, but in these last years, it was demonstrated that they are degraded by the human microbiota producing small phenols that can re-enter the bloodstream as already observed for pomegranate ellagitannins. ,, Nowadays, the biological effects of phenol metabolites derived from microbiota fermentation is object of extensive studies, since several data suggest their role in mediating the benefits of polyphenols in human . The chestnut extract and/or its fractions alone or in combination with other polyphenols have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antimycotic properties and a capacity of lowering nitrosamines and mycotoxins in raw food materials and food products. , Chestnut wood tannins at low concentrations can be effective as natural food additives, providing stability during processing and extending the shelf life of wine, meat, baked products, and gelatin. − Hydrolyzable tannins from chestnut and other vegetal species were proposed as potential substitutes of synthetic food preservatives due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. , The availability of food grade commercial extracts of sweet chestnut wood makes them interesting candidates for this purpose. , In view of the recent increasing attention for environmental sustainability, they have also gained increasing importance as eco-friendly materials for food packaging based on biopolymers, as such, or functionalized with natural active ingredients.…”