Bioinspired two-in-one nanotransistor sensor for the simultaneous measurements of electrical and mechanical cellular responses

Abstract

The excitation-contraction dynamics in cardiac tissue are the most important physiological parameters for assessing developmental state. We demonstrate integrated nanoelectronic sensors capable of simultaneously probing electrical and mechanical cellular responses. The sensor is configured from a three-dimensional nanotransistor with its conduction channel protruding out of the plane. The structure promotes not only a tight seal with the cell for detecting action potential via field effect but also a close mechanical coupling for detecting cellular force via piezoresistive effect. Arrays of nanotransistors are integrated to realize label-free, submillisecond, and scalable interrogation of correlated cell dynamics, showing advantages in tracking and differentiating cell states in drug studies. The sensor can further decode vector information in cellular motion beyond typical scalar information acquired at the tissue level, hence offering an improved tool for cell mechanics studies. The sensor enables not only improved bioelectronic detections but also reduced invasiveness through the two-in-one converging integration.

Two-Terminal MoS2 Memristor and the Homogeneous Integration with a MoS2 Transistor for Neural Networks

“…This was again consistent with the experimental results, in which the I−V hysteresis became less prominent with a decrease in the amplitude of V ds (color curves, Figure 1b). Third, this generic mechanism of drain-induced charge injection was further supported by two-terminal devices fabricated from other semiconducting nanomaterials such as Si and Ge/Si nanowires 15,16,29,30 which demonstrated a similar memristive effect (see Supporting Information Figure S3). The MoS 2 -based device showed a lower switching voltage than those of these nanowire-based devices, possibly because the 2D flat MoS 2 − substrate interface has better charge injection efficiency compared to the 1D nanowire−substrate contact.…”

Tissue-embedded stretchable nanoelectronics reveal endothelial cell–mediated electrical maturation of human 3D cardiac microtissues

“…S4), which is consistent with previous reports of hPSC-CM electrophysiological recording (21,31,(38)(39)(40). In addition, the tissue-level flexibility and high stretchability of our mesh design enable seamlessly integrating electronics throughout the entire time course of hPSC-CM tissue development, providing long-term stable electrophysiological recordings, while other methods are typically limited in recording duration because of the limited device stretchability and flexibility so that the device typically contacts with tissue at only one surface plane and will lose contact with tissue due to the mechanical contraction and tissue development (table S1) (21,31,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). We next further investigated how the activation time delay across different channels changed over the time course of development for both hiPSC-CMs and hiPSC-CMs/hiPSC-ECs (fig.…”

Recent progress in bio-voltage memristors working with ultralow voltage of biological amplitude

“…Still, progress in BMR device engineering ( e.g. , reducing power to the biological level 28 and improving reliability), bioelectronic sensor development 115 ( e.g. , improving energy/signal retrieval), and system integration ( e.g.…”

“…Neuromorphic devices constructed from BMRs offer a unique possibility because the bio-voltage signal processing can readily match the voltage amplitude in biochemical signals (e.g., resting/ action potentials). Still, progress in BMR device engineering (e.g., reducing power to the biological level 28 and improving reliability), bioelectronic sensor development 115 (e.g., improv-ing energy/signal retrieval), and system integration (e.g., circuitry and interfacial engineering) is needed for this visionary goal.…”