Biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, trace gases, and aerosols in Amazonia: The LBA‐EUSTACH experiments

Andreae, Meinrat O.; Artaxo, Paulo; Brandão, C.A.; Carswell, Fiona E.; Ciccioli, P.; Costa, Antonio Lola da; Culf, A. D.; Esteves, José Luís; Gash, J. H. C.; Grace, John; Kabat, P.; Lelieveld, Jos; Malhi, Yadvinder; Manzi, A. O.; Meixner, Franz X.; Nobre, Antônio Donato; Nobre, Carlos A.; Ruivo, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; Silva-Dias, M. A. F.; Stefani, P.; Валентини, Р.; Jouanne, J. von; Waterloo, M. J.

doi:10.1029/2001jd000524

Cited by 358 publications

(367 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…During night, the calculated chemical loss partly exceeds the storage corrected flux, which may be attributed to the considerably large uncertainty of the flux and profile measurements, when O 3 sensors are close to their detection limits. During the dry season experiment the chemical term was generally enhanced due to higher O 3 , but also NO mixing ratios (see Andreae et al, 2002). Particularly during night, the chemical term explains a considerable part (in the second half even the major part) of the ozone deposition (Fig.…”

Section: Ozone Flux and Deposition Budget Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of ozone deposition to a tropical rain forest in southwest Amazonia

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Within the project EUropean Studies on Trace gases and Atmospheric CHemistry as a contribution toLarge-scale Biosphere-atmosphere experiment in Amazonia (LBA-EUSTACH), we performed tower-based eddy covariance measurements of O 3 flux above an Amazonian primary rain forest at the end of the wet and dry season. Ozone deposition revealed distinct seasonal differences in the magnitude and diel variation. In the wet season, the rain forest was an effective O 3 sink with a mean daytime (midday) maximum deposition velocity of 2.3 cm s −1 , and a corresponding O 3 flux of −11 nmol m −2 s −1 . At the end of the dry season, the ozone mixing ratio was about four times higher (up to maximum values of 80 ppb) than in the wet season, as a consequence of strong regional biomass burning activity. However, the typical maximum daytime deposition flux was very similar to the wet season. This results from a strong limitation of daytime O 3 deposition due to reduced plant stomatal aperture as a response to large values of the specific humidity deficit. As a result, the average midday deposition velocity in the dry burning season was only 0.5 cm s −1 . The large diel ozone variation caused large canopy storage effects that masked the true diel variation of ozone deposition mechanisms in the measured eddy covariance flux, and for which corrections had to be made. In general, stomatal aperture was sufficient to explain the largest part of daytime ozone deposition. However, during nighttime, chemical reaction with nitrogen monoxide (NO) was found to contribute substantially to the O 3 sink in the rain forest canopy. Further contributions Correspondence to: U. Rummel (udo.rummel@dwd.de) were from non-stomatal plant uptake and other processes that could not be clearly identified.Measurements, made simultaneously on a 22 years old cattle pasture enabled the spatially and temporally direct comparison of O 3 dry deposition values from this site with typical vegetation cover of deforested land in southwest Amazonia to the results from the primary rain forest. The mean ozone deposition to the pasture was found to be systematically lower than that to the forest by 30% in the wet and 18% in the dry season.

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Section: Ozone Flux and Deposition Budget Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of ozone deposition to a tropical rain forest in southwest Amazonia

et al. 2007

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“…These authors stated that bee pollen is an extremely hygroscopic material, which can be affected by environmental conditions. For this reason, it is likely that the samples used in the present study showed a high moisture content, as they were collected in a period (March) when the air relative humidity is usually high and the atmospheric precipitations are intense in the Amazon region (ANDREAE et al, 2002). The high moisture content of meliponine-collected pollen can favor fermentation processes, which are characteristic of stingless bee pollen.…”

Section: Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical characteristics of pollen collected by Amazonian stingless bees

2016

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The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of pollen collected by the Amazonian stingless bees Melipona seminigra and Melipona interrupta, in order to verify whether their characteristics meet the physicochemical requirements established by the Brazilian Technical Regulation for Identity and Quality of Bee Pollen.Physicochemical analyses were performed through official analytical methods. Results of pollen analyses collected by M. seminigra and M. interrupta were respectively as follows: moisture: 53.39 and 37.12%; protein: 37.63 and 24.00%; lipids: 10.81 and 6.47%; ash: 4.03 and 2.74%; crude fiber: 9.30 and 13.65%; carbohydrates: 25.66 and 44.27%; energy: 350.47 and 331.33kcal%; pH: 3.70 and 3.34; total solids: 46.60 and 62.87%, and water activity: 0.91 and 0.85 foram, respectivamente: umidade: 53,39 e 37,12%; proteínas: 37,63 e 24,00%; lipídeos: 10,81 e 6,47%; cinzas: 4,03 e 2,74%; fibra bruta: 9,30 e 13,65%; carboidratos: 25,66 e 44,27%; energia: 350,47 e 331,33kcal%; pH: 3,70 e 3,34; sólidos totais: 46,60

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“…The site normally experiences a mean annual rainfall of 1600-2100 mm and has a pronounced dry season between June and August, whereas the wettest periods are between December and April (Gash et al . 1996;Andreae et al . 2002).…”

Section: Sampling Sites and Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong correlation between isoprene emission and gross photosynthetic capacity during leaf phenology of the tropical tree species Hymenaea courbaril with fundamental changes in volatile organic compounds emission composition during early leaf development

Kühn

Rottenberger

Biesenthal

et al. 2004

Plant Cell & Environment

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Changes of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) emission capacity and composition of different developmental stages of the tropical tree species Hymenaea courbaril were investigated under field conditions at a remote Amazonian rainforest site. The basal emission capacity of isoprene changed considerably over the course of leaf development, from young to mature and to senescent leaves, ultimately spanning a wide range of observed isoprene basal emission capacities from 0.7 to 111.5 m m m m g C g ---during the course of the year. By adjusting the standard emission factors for individual days, the diel courses of instantaneous isoprene emission rates could nevertheless adequately be modelled by a current isoprene algorithm. The results demonstrate the inadequacy of using one single standard emission factor to represent the VOC emission capacity of tropical vegetation for an entire seasonal cycle. A strong linear correlation between the isoprene emission capacity and the gross photosynthetic capacity (GP max ) covering all developmental stages and seasons was observed. The present results provide evidence that leaf photosynthetic properties may confer a valuable basis to model the seasonal variation of isoprenoid emission capacity; especially in tropical regions where the environmental conditions vary less than in temperate regions. In addition to induction and variability of isoprene emission during early leaf development, considerable amounts of monoterpenes were emitted in a light-dependent manner exclusively in the period between bud break and leaf maturity. The fundamental change in emission composition during this stage as a consequence of resource availability ( supply side control ) or as a plant's response to the higher defence demand of young emerging leaves ( demand-side control ) is discussed. The finding of a temporary emergence of monoterpene emission may be of general interest in understanding both the ecological functions of isoprenoid production and the regulatory processes involved.

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Biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, trace gases, and aerosols in Amazonia: The LBA‐EUSTACH experiments

Cited by 358 publications

References 96 publications

Seasonal variation of ozone deposition to a tropical rain forest in southwest Amazonia

Seasonal variation of ozone deposition to a tropical rain forest in southwest Amazonia

Physicochemical characteristics of pollen collected by Amazonian stingless bees

Strong correlation between isoprene emission and gross photosynthetic capacity during leaf phenology of the tropical tree species Hymenaea courbaril with fundamental changes in volatile organic compounds emission composition during early leaf development

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