Biofilms

López, Daniel; Vlamakis, Hera; Kolter, Roberto

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a000398

Cited by 753 publications

(626 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The ability to form biofilms is considered the most prevalent means of microorganisms to persist in nature, enabling microbes to withstand a broad variety of environmental fluctuations such as temperature and pH changes, nutrient availability and the presence of toxins (Costerton et al, 1995;Lopez et al, 2010). Biofilms have been extensively studied in members of the bacteria as their presence can promote several persistent and chronic infections (Costerton et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lrs14 transcriptional regulators influence biofilm formation and cell motility of Crenarchaea

et al. 2013

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Like bacteria, archaea predominately exist as biofilms in nature. However, the environmental cues and the molecular mechanisms driving archaeal biofilm development are not characterized. Here we provide data suggesting that the transcriptional regulators belonging to the Lrs14-like protein family constitute a key regulatory factor during Sulfolobus biofilm development. Among the six lrs14-like genes encoded by Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, the deletion of three led to markedly altered biofilm phenotypes. Although Dsaci1223 and Dsaci1242 deletion mutants were impaired in biofilm formation, the Dsaci0446 deletion strain exhibited a highly increased extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, leading to a robust biofilm structure. Moreover, although the expression of the adhesive pili (aap) genes was upregulated, the genes of the motility structure, the archaellum (fla), were downregulated rendering the Dsaci0446 strain non-motile. Gel shift assays confirmed that Saci0446 bound to the promoter regions of fla and aap thus controlling the expression of both cell surface structures. In addition, genetic epistasis analysis using Dsaci0446 as background strain identified a gene cluster involved in the EPS biosynthetic pathway of S. acidocaldarius. These results provide insights into both the molecular mechanisms that govern biofilm formation in Crenarchaea and the functionality of the Lrs14-like proteins, an archaea-specific class of transcriptional regulators.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lrs14 transcriptional regulators influence biofilm formation and cell motility of Crenarchaea

et al. 2013

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“…Gene expression and metabolic processes can vary drastically from cell to cell in a biofilm community (3,4), and cellular differentiation within a biofilm contributes to antibiotic resistance (1). Therefore, an in-depth understanding of biofilm formation is critical for the development of antibacterial agents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Iron induces bimodal population development by Escherichia coli

DePas¹,

Hufnagel

Lee

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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Bacterial biofilm formation is a complex developmental process involving cellular differentiation and the formation of intricate 3D structures. Here we demonstrate that exposure to ferric chloride triggers rugose biofilm formation by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and by enteric bacteria Citrobacter koseri and Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Two unique and separable cellular populations emerge in iron-triggered, rugose biofilms. Bacteria at the air-biofilm interface express high levels of the biofilm regulator csgD, the cellulose activator adrA, and the curli subunit operon csgBAC. Bacteria in the interior of rugose biofilms express low levels of csgD and undetectable levels of matrix components curli and cellulose. Iron activation of rugose biofilms is linked to oxidative stress. Superoxide generation, either through addition of phenazine methosulfate or by deletion of sodA and sodB, stimulates rugose biofilm formation in the absence of high iron. Additionally, overexpression of Mn-superoxide dismutase, which can mitigate iron-derived reactive oxygen stress, decreases biofilm formation in a WT strain upon iron exposure. Not only does reactive oxygen stress promote rugose biofilm formation, but bacteria in the rugose biofilms display increased resistance to H 2 O 2 toxicity. Altogether, we demonstrate that iron and superoxide stress trigger rugose biofilm formation in UTI89. Rugose biofilm development involves the elaboration of two distinct bacterial populations and increased resistance to oxidative stress.functional amyloid | biofilm matrix | wrinkled colony

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“…This ubiquitous behavior confers obvious advantages for microbial development and proliferation, such as the possibility to establish symbiotic relationships or the development of complex structures like biofilms. Biofilm formation constitutes a protective milieu against environmental injuries or human host defenses (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). From an evolutionary perspective, adhesion ability has been considered a selective advantage providing microorganisms the chance to emerge as surface-bound populations, through cell-cell interactions or bindings (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel flow cytometric protocol for assessment of yeast cell adhesion

et al. 2011

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Microbial adhesion is a field of recognized relevance and, as such, an impressive array of tools has been developed to understand its molecular mechanisms and ultimately for its quantification. Some of the major limitations found within these methodologies concern the incubation time, the small number of cells analyzed, and the operator's subjectivity. To overcome these aspects, we have developed a quantitative method to measure yeast cells' adhesion through flow cytometry. In this methodology, a suspension of yeast cells is mixed with green fluorescent polystyrene microspheres (uncoated or coated with host proteins). Within 2 h, an adhesion profile is obtained based on two parameters: percentage and cells-microsphere population's distribution pattern. This flow cytometry protocol represents a useful tool to quantify yeast adhesion to different substrata in a large scale, providing manifold data in a speedy and informative manner. '

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Biofilms

Cited by 753 publications

References 74 publications

Lrs14 transcriptional regulators influence biofilm formation and cell motility of Crenarchaea

Lrs14 transcriptional regulators influence biofilm formation and cell motility of Crenarchaea

Iron induces bimodal population development by Escherichia coli

A novel flow cytometric protocol for assessment of yeast cell adhesion

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