Biofilms in Chronic Wounds: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis

Wu, Yen Wen; Cheng, Nai‐Chen; Cheng, Chao‐Min

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.10.011

Cited by 296 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In acidic PBS (pH = 5:0), the released Ce6 reached 52.64% after 24 h incubation, while that in neutral PBS (pH = 7:4) was only 18.69%. Figure S6 (Supporting Information) further indicates that the fluorescence of Hypoxia is another typical characteristic of the microenvironment in bacterial biofilm-infected tissues [47,48]. Since oxygen is an essential factor in the process of PDT, the…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Biofilm Microenvironment-Responsive Nanotheranostics for Dual-Mode Imaging and Hypoxia-Relief-Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Bacterial Infections

et al. 2020

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The formation of bacterial biofilms closely associates with infectious diseases. Until now, precise diagnosis and effective treatment of bacterial biofilm infections are still in great need. Herein, a novel multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform based on MnO2 nanosheets (MnO2 NSs) has been designed to achieve pH-responsive dual-mode imaging and hypoxia-relief-enhanced antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) of bacterial biofilm infections. In this study, MnO2 NSs were modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and then loaded with chlorin e6 (Ce6) as photosensitizer to form MnO2-BSA/PEG-Ce6 nanosheets (MBP-Ce6 NSs). After being delivered into the bacterial biofilm-infected tissues, the MBP-Ce6 NSs could be decomposed in acidic biofilm microenvironment and release Ce6 with Mn2+, which subsequently activate both fluorescence (FL) and magnetic resonance (MR) signals for effective dual-mode FL/MR imaging of bacterial biofilm infections. Meanwhile, MnO2 could catalyze the decomposing of H2O2 in biofilm-infected tissues into O2 and relieve the hypoxic condition of biofilm, which significantly enhances the efficacy of aPDT. An in vitro study showed that MBP-Ce6 NSs could significantly reduce the number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in biofilms after 635 nm laser irradiation. Guided by FL/MR imaging, MRSA biofilm-infected mice can be efficiently treated by MBP-Ce6 NSs-based aPDT. Overall, MBP-Ce6 NSs not only possess biofilm microenvironment-responsive dual-mode FL/MR imaging ability but also have significantly enhanced aPDT efficacy by relieving the hypoxia habitat of biofilm, which provides a promising theranostic nanoplatform for bacterial biofilm infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Biofilm Microenvironment-Responsive Nanotheranostics for Dual-Mode Imaging and Hypoxia-Relief-Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Bacterial Infections

et al. 2020

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“…As an important virulence factor for pathogenic microbes, biofilms are associated with an expanding array of pathologies, including various airway, gastrointestinal, and ocular infections, endocarditis, periodontitis, osteomyelitis, cystitis, and chronic wounds 1–7 . Biofilms represent a distinct growth state, morphologically distinguished by bacteria residing within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), that may include proteins, extracellular DNA (eDNA), polysaccharides, and lipids 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered lactobacilli display anti-biofilm and growth suppressing activities againstPseudomonas aeruginosa

Chappell

Nair

2020

Preprint

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17Biofilms are an emerging target for new therapeutics in the effort to address the continued 18 increase in resistance and tolerance to traditional antimicrobials. In particular, the distinct nature 19 of the biofilm growth state often means that traditional antimicrobials, developed to combat 20 planktonic cells, are ineffective. Biofilm treatments are designed to both reduce pathogen load 21 at an infection site and decrease the development of resistance by rendering the embedded 22 organisms more susceptible to treatment at lower antimicrobial concentrations. In this work, we 23 developed a new antimicrobial treatment modality by characterizing the natural capacity of two 24 lactobacilli, L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus, to inhibit P. aeruginosa growth, biofilm formation, 25 and biofilm viability. We further engineered these lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to secrete enzymes 26 known to degrade P. aeruginosa biofilms and show that our best performing engineered LAB, 27 secreting a pathogen-derived enzyme (PelAhyd), degrades up to 85 % of P. aeruginosa biofilm. 28 29 30 31 . Materials and Methods 97 98 2.1. Bacterial growth and transformation 99All strains used in this study are listed in Table S1. E. coli strains were grown in LB broth and plated 100 on LB agar, unless stated otherwise. Erythromycin and ampicillin were added to E. coli cultures 101 at 200 or 100 µg/mL, respectively. Lactobacilli were grown in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS; 102 RPI Corp) broth and plated on MRS agar (1.5 % w/v) plates unless stated otherwise. Erythromycin 103 was added lactobacillus cultures at 5 µg/mL when necessary. All cultures were grown at 37 °C; 104 E. coli and L. plantarum cultures were grown shaking (250 rpm) and LGG was grown statically, 105 unless stated otherwise. E. coli transformation was performed using MES or TSS competent cells. 106 L. plantarum WCFS1 transformation was performed using a method derived from Aukrust and 107 Blom 31 . LGG transformation was performed using the method described in De Keersmaecker et 108 al. 32 . 109 110 2.2. LAB antimicrobial plate assay 111Overnight cultures of LAB were diluted 1000× into 10 mL fresh media and 1 mL aliquots were 112 removed from the culture at the designated times. Following aliquot removal from LAB culture, 113 cells were pelleted at 4000 ×g for 15 min and the resulting supernatant was filtered through 0.22 114 µm PES filter and frozen at ─20 °C until the following day. The following day, overnight cultures 115 of P. aeruginosa were diluted 100× in LB broth and 100 µL was plated on the surface of LB agar. 116Agar wells were excised from the agar plate and 200 µL of fresh lactobacilli culture or filtered 117 culture supernatant was added to each well. Plates were incubated at 37 °C overnight and 118 inhibition was evaluated qualitatively by inhibition of pathogen growth. 119 120 Plasmid construction 121All vectors used and constructed in this study are listed in Table S2. E. coli TG1 was modified by 122 knockout of endA to improve transformation efficiency and plasmid ...

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“…Recently, the literature has indicated that biofilms play a crucial role in wound infection . Biofilms are composed of extracellular polysaccharides regulated by a quorum‐sensing system, a cell density‐dependent gene expression mechanism, and protect bacterial cells from antibiotics, antiseptics, and host immunity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of biofilm‐based wound care system on wound healing in chronic wounds

Mori

Nakagami

Kitamura

et al. 2019

Wound Repair Regeneration

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A biofilm plays a crucial role in delaying wound healing. Sharp debridement, a possible effective method for eliminating biofilms, can only be applied to the wound with visible necrotic tissue; thus, no option has been available for eliminating biofilms that are not accompanied by necrotic tissue. Wound blotting was recently developed to visualize biofilm noninvasively and quickly, and ultrasonic debridement is available for biofilm removal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of "biofilm-based wound care system (BWCS)," a combination of wound blotting as a point-of-care testing and ultrasonic debridement, for promoting wound healing. Firstly, the cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the proportion of biofilm removal by ultrasonic debridement in pressure ulcers [Study 1]. Subsequently, the retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of BWCS for healing of chronic wounds [Study 2]. The proportions of wound healing between wounds treated with BWCS and those with standard care in the home-visiting clinic were compared by Kaplan-Meier curve, and the Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to assess the effect of BWCS on wound healing. In Study 1, the median of biofilm removal proportion was 38.9% (interquartile range, 12.9-68.0%) for pressure ulcers treated with standard care and 65.2% (41.1-78.8%) for those treated with ultrasonic debridement (p = 0.009). In Study 2, the proportion of wound healing within 90 days was significantly higher in wounds treated with BWCS than in those treated with standard care (p = 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio of BWCS for wound healing was 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-15.0; p = 0.015). In conclusion, we demonstrated that our novel approach, BWCS, can be a promising therapeutic strategy for visualizing biofilms that are not accompanied by necrotic tissue and promoting healing in chronic wounds.

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Biofilms in Chronic Wounds: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis

Cited by 296 publications

References 69 publications

Biofilm Microenvironment-Responsive Nanotheranostics for Dual-Mode Imaging and Hypoxia-Relief-Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Bacterial Infections

Biofilm Microenvironment-Responsive Nanotheranostics for Dual-Mode Imaging and Hypoxia-Relief-Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Bacterial Infections

Engineered lactobacilli display anti-biofilm and growth suppressing activities againstPseudomonas aeruginosa

Effectiveness of biofilm‐based wound care system on wound healing in chronic wounds

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