Biofilms in Chronic Wound Infections: Innovative Antimicrobial Approaches Using the In Vitro Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm Model

Abstract

Chronic wounds have harmful effects on both patients and healthcare systems. Wound chronicity is attributed to an impaired healing process due to several host and local factors that affect healing pathways. The resulting ulcers contain a wide variety of microorganisms that are mostly resistant to antimicrobials and possess the ability to form mono/poly-microbial biofilms. The search for new, effective and safe compounds to handle chronic wounds has come a long way throughout the history of medicine, which has included several studies and trials of conventional treatments. Treatments focus on fighting the microbial colonization that develops in the wound by multidrug resistant pathogens. The development of molecular medicine, especially in antibacterial agents, needs an in vitro model similar to the in vivo chronic wound environment to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. The Lubbock chronic wound biofilm (LCWB) model is an in vitro model developed to mimic the pathogen colonization and the biofilm formation of a real chronic wound, and it is suitable to screen the antibacterial activity of innovative compounds. In this review, we focused on the characteristics of chronic wound biofilms and the contribution of the LCWB model both to the study of wound poly-microbial biofilms and as a model for novel treatment strategies.

Schiff Base-Based Hydrogel Embedded with In Situ Generated Silver Nanoparticles Capped by a Hyaluronic Acid–Diethylenetriamine Derivative for Wound Healing Application

“…aureus hold particular significance, as these two bacterial species frequently coexist in chronically infected wounds. Bacterial colonization of chronic wounds is closely linked to biofilm formation, leading to local and systemic inflammation. , This, in turn, imparts heightened resistance to host defenses and therapeutic treatments, ultimately exerting a detrimental effect on the healing process.…”

Silversol®(a colloidal nanosilver formulation) inhibits growth of antibiotic-resistantStaphylococcus aureusby disrupting its physiology in multiple ways

“…Nanoparticles of antibacterial preparations have been demonstrated to possess notable efficacy against bacterial biofilms in a variety of bacterial species (Mishra et al, 2023), and results of the present study corroborate with the same. Anti-biofilm activity of Silversol can be one of the attributes of this formulation making it effective at wound-disinfection, as biofilm-infected wounds take longer to heal (Diban et al, 2023) in absence of an efficient anti-biofilm therapy.…”

An innovative approach to biofilm-associated infections: CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genetic Intervention

“…After adhering to the surface, microorganisms form a bio lm structure that allows the microorganism to evade host defenses and develop resistance to antibiotics. Microbial bio lm formation is currently accepted as one of the major factors in most bacterial infections associated with chronic tissue damage (Rather et al 2021; Diban et al 2023). Bio lms are estimated to be associated with 65% of nosocomial infections, 80% of chronic infections and 60% of all human bacterial infections.…”