Biofilm testing of microbiota: An essential step during corneal scrap examination in Egyptian acanthamoebic keratitis cases

Saad, Marwa A. Hasby; Khalil, Haidy

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2018.05.001

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Inadequate sanitization of contact lenses can lead to microbial contamination of the lens cases, thus favoring the formation of biofilms (Hsiao et al 2018). These biofilms will provide an adequate niche for the establishment of Acanthamoeba spp., contributing to their permanence in the trophozoite stage, where they are considered highly infectious (Ibrahim et al 2007;Lorenzo-Morales et al 2015;Saad and Khalil 2018). Moreover, the biofilms may also provide resistance to multipurpose contact lens cleaning and disinfection products, increasing the virulence of the protozoan and facilitating the adherence of Acanthamoeba spp.…”

Section: Ophthalmic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the biofilms may also provide resistance to multipurpose contact lens cleaning and disinfection products, increasing the virulence of the protozoan and facilitating the adherence of Acanthamoeba spp. to the contact lens in a process that contributes to the penetration of the parasite into the cornea (Lorenzo-Morales et al 2015;Saad and Khalil 2018).…”

Section: Ophthalmic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fragments and swabs from patients with suspected AK (Saad and Khalil 2018), lens cases (Pens et al 2008;Lek-Uthai et al 2009;Boost et al 2011), and contact lenses of different materials (silicone hydrogel and/or conventional hydrogel) (Simmons et al 1998;Tomlinson et al 2000;Beattie et al 2003Beattie et al , 2006Beattie et al , 2011Willcox 2013) were examined (Supplementary Material 4). Fragments and swabs collected from the cornea of patients with suspected AK and lens cases accounted for 471 samples with only 119 (25.26%) confirmed for the Acanthamoeba genus, most of which were associated with a biofilm (Pens et al 2008;Lek-Uthai et al 2009;Saad and Khalil 2018).…”

Section: Ophthalmic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of a biofilm, humidity, dirt, and abrasion of contact lenses and the lens cases favored increased adherence of the amoeba to these materials (Simmons et al 1998;Tomlinson et al 2000;Beattie et al 2003Beattie et al , 2006Beattie et al , 2011Pens et al 2008;Lek-Uthai et al 2009;Boost et al 2011;Willcox 2013). In cases of AK, the presence of a biofilm made the disease more severe (Saad and Khalil 2018).…”

Section: Ophthalmic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amoebae belonging to the Acanthamoeba genus are single-celled, amphizoic protozoa that belong to a group of organisms called free-living amoebae (FLA). The species of this genus are widely distributed in nature and are often associated with biofilms distributed throughout the environment, a niche that provides the parasite with protection against external aggression, favoring its increased pathogeny (Marciano-Cabral and Cabral 2003;Lorenzo-Morales et al 2015;Saad and Khalil 2018;Sun and Wang 2018). FLA, when contacting humans, cause opportunistic infections, such as granulomatous amebic encephalitis or Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) (Martinez and Visvesvara 1997;Marciano-Cabral and Cabral 2003;Schuster and Visvesvara 2004;Visvesvara et al 2007;Dart et al 2009;Mogoa et al 2010;Sun and Wang 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The role of Acanthamoeba spp. in biofilm communities: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Acanthamoeba spp. have always caused disease in immunosuppressed patients, but since 1986, they have become a worldwide public health issue by causing infection in healthy contact lens wearers. Amoebae of the Acanthamoeba genus are broadly distributed in nature, living either freely or as parasites, and are frequently associated with biofilms throughout the environment. These biofilms provide the parasite with protection against external aggression, thus favoring its increased pathogeny. This review aims to assess observational studies on the association between Acanthamoeba spp. and biofilms, opening potential lines of research on this severe ocular infection. A systematic literature search was conducted in May 2020 in the following databases: PubMed Central ® /Medline, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE ® . The studies were selected following the inclusion and exclusion criteria specifically defined for this review. Electronic research recovered 353 publications in the literature. However, none of the studies met the inclusion criterion of biofilm-producing Acanthamoeba spp., inferring that the parasite does not produce biofilms. Nonetheless, 78 studies were classified as potentially included regarding any association of Acanthamoeba spp. and biofilms. These studies were allocated across six different locations (hospital, aquatic, ophthalmic and dental environments, biofilms produced by bacteria, and other places). Acanthamoeba species use biofilms produced by other microorganisms for their benefit, in addition to them providing protection to and facilitating the dissemination of pathogens residing in them.

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Section: Ophthalmic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ophthalmic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ophthalmic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ophthalmic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The role of Acanthamoeba spp. in biofilm communities: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Epidemiology of free-living amoebae infections in Africa: a review

Milanez

Carlos

Adao

et al. 2022

Pathogens and Global Health

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Unraveling the interplay between unicellular parasites and bacterial biofilms: Implications for disease persistence and antibiotic resistance

Zanditenas,

Ankri

2023

Virulence

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Bacterial biofilms have attracted significant attention due to their involvement in persistent infections, food and water contamination, and infrastructure corrosion. This review delves into the intricate interactions between bacterial biofilms and unicellular parasites, shedding light on their impact on biofilm formation, structure, and function. Unicellular parasites, including protozoa, influence bacterial biofilms through grazing activities, leading to adaptive changes in bacterial communities. Moreover, parasites like Leishmania and Giardia can shape biofilm composition in a grazing independent manner, potentially influencing disease outcomes. Biofilms, acting as reservoirs, enable the survival of protozoan parasites against environmental stressors and antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, these biofilms may influence parasite virulence and stress responses, posing challenges in disease treatment. Interactions between unicellular parasites and fungal-containing biofilms is also discussed, hinting at complex microbial relationships in various ecosystems. Understanding these interactions offers insights into disease mechanisms and antibiotic resistance dissemination, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies and ecosystem-level implications.

show abstract

Biofilm testing of microbiota: An essential step during corneal scrap examination in Egyptian acanthamoebic keratitis cases

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

The role of Acanthamoeba spp. in biofilm communities: a systematic review

The role of Acanthamoeba spp. in biofilm communities: a systematic review

Epidemiology of free-living amoebae infections in Africa: a review

Unraveling the interplay between unicellular parasites and bacterial biofilms: Implications for disease persistence and antibiotic resistance

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