Biofilm formation on metal alloys, zirconia and polyetherketoneketone as implant materials in vivo

Abstract

Objectives This study investigated biofilm formation on discs of metal alloys, zirconia and polyetherketoneketone in vivo. Material and Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers conducted two runs of 24 hr each wearing an intraoral splint with 15 discs representing five different materials (gold‐based [EL] and silver‐based [PA] noble metal alloys; zirconia [ZR]; polyetherketoneketone [PEKK]; titanium zirconium alloy [TiZr]). Safranin staining assays and colony‐forming unit (CFU) counts were conducted. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to compare materials, and geometric mean ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated with the level of significance set at α = 0.05. Results Less biofilm mass and lower CFU counts were found on PA and EL, while ZR and PEKK developed similar levels as the reference material TiZr alloy. Compared with PA, biofilm mass was 1.5 times higher for EL (p = .004), 1.7 times higher for PEKK (p < .001), 2.2 times higher for TiZr (p < .001) and 2.4 times higher for ZR (p < .001). The culturing method confirmed these results for EL and PA with lower CFU compared to TiZr. The biomass staining technique and cell culturing correlated for EL and PA. Conclusion Silver‐based noble alloy and gold‐based high noble alloy demonstrated the least biofilm formation indicating a potential clinical use as material for implant components in the transmucosal compartment. Zirconia and Polyetherketoneketone revealed similar results as the reference material titanium zirconium alloy used in commercially available titanium dental implant.

Effect of biofilm formation on implant abutments with an anti‐bacterial coating: A pre‐clinical in vivo study

“…Another consideration is that the test devices of the present study had a mixed coating of Bi and Ga, while the discs in the study by Cochis et al, (2015) were treated with Ga ions. In another in vivo study in 16 volunteers, Zeller et al, (2020) investigated plaque formation on discs of metal alloys, zirconia (Zr)…”

“…It was reported that less plaque was formed on discs made of either gold-or silver-based alloys than discs produced from Zr, PEKK or titanium-zirconium alloy. Similar to the study by Cochis et al, (2015), Zeller et al, (2020) evaluated plaque formation over 24 hr and, hence, no information is available whether the potential antibacterial effects of silver or gold alloys were sustained overtime.…”

“…A further approach in this strategy may include the use of implant components that exhibit potential antibacterial properties. Results from in vitro experiments and short-term clinical in vivo studies indicate that different materials, including metal alloys and coating procedures, present with varying capacities in preventing bacterial adhesion and growth (Carinci et al, 2019;Cochis et al, 2015Cochis et al, , 2016Ghensi et al, 2019;Nagay et al, 2019;Sobolev et al, 2019;Zeller et al, 2020). Among the materials that were tested under different experimental conditions, antibacterial effects were identified in silver-containing alloys and coatings consisting of titanium together with either gallium or bismuth (Cochis et al, 2015(Cochis et al, , 2016Lin et al, 2013;Nagay et al, 2019).…”

New generation CAD-CAM materials for implant-supported definitive frameworks fabricated by using subtractive technologies

“…However, like other polymers, fumes resulted from overheating of PEEK can be harmful [ 57 ]. The biofilm formation on PAEK implant structures were lower than that on zirconia or Ti implant components [ 60 , 61 ]. Mucosal response to PEEK as a prosthodontic material was good [ 60 ].…”

Mechanical Response of PEKK and PEEK As Frameworks for Implant-Supported Full-Arch Fixed Dental Prosthesis: 3D Finite Element Analysis

“… 15 16 Furthermore, they are easily obtained in personalized (3D) forms, thus propitiating the manufacture of radiolucent prostheses with good biomechanical properties, and accumulate less biofilm than ceramics and metallic alloys, which are usual materials in restorative dentistry. 17 In vitro studies and short-term clinical reports have evaluated the use of PEKK 13 and PEEK in dentistry for implant supported dental prosthesis. 18 However, their comparative biomechanical behavior as framework for full-arch fixed dental prosthesis is still not well understood.…”