Biofilm formation of Candida albicans is variably affected by saliva and dietary sugars

Jin, Ye; Samaranayake, LP; Samaranayake, Y. H.; Yip, Hon Chi

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.04.011

Cited by 228 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In children and young people, it may be involved with oral ("thrush") and lingual disease. In addition, and despite being very rare, esophageal candidiasis can occur in patients infected by HIV and cancer [2,5,40,[53][54][55].…”

Section: Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important situation observed in most individuals with chronic candidiasis, is the presence of food allergies, therefore all known allergens should be eliminated [40,42,55,57,[59][60][61]. Thus, dietary factors should be monitored according to the needs of each individual.…”

Section: Dietary Factors and Nutrients Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, all the allergens present in food should be eliminated, since allergies weaken the immune system, promoting the growth of pathogens. There are several reasons to restrict or eliminate milk and other dairy products, not only for the high levels of lactose, that promote Candida overgrowth, but also because it is one of the most frequent food allergens, and the presence of trace levels of antibiotics disrupt the GI bacterial flora [42,55,57,59,60,70,87].…”

Section: Diet and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYCandidiasis is the most common opportunistic yeast infection. Candida species and other microorganisms are involved in this complicated fungal infection, but Candida albicans continues to be the most prevalent. In the past two decades, it has been observed an abnormal overgrowth in the gastrointestinal, urinary and respiratory tracts, not only in immunocompromised patients, but also related to nosocomial infections and even in healthy individuals. There is a widely variety of causal factors that contribute to yeast infection which means that candidiasis is a good example of a multifactorial syndrome. Due to rapid increase in the incidence of these infections, this is the subject of numerous studies. Recently, the focus of attention is the treatment and, above all, the prevention of those complications. The diagnosis of candidiasis could become quite complicated. Prevention is the most effective "treatment", much more than eradication of the yeast with antifungal agents. There are several aspects to consider in the daily routine that can provide a strength protection. However, a therapeutic approach is necessary when the infection is established and, therefore, other alternatives should be explored. This review provides an overview on predisposition factors, prevention and diagnosis of candidiasis, highlighting alternative approaches for candidiasis treatment.

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Section: Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietary Factors and Nutrients Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diet and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

et al. 2014

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“…In addition, alterations in the metabolic states during the different phases of biofilm formation may lead to fluctuations in the ability of cells within the biofilms to metabolize this dye 23,27 . Some more recent articles indicate that the use of other vital stains (SYTO9, propidium iodide), fluorogenic assays or bioluminescence may represent alternatives and have some practical advantages over the use of XTT 23,24,28 . This 96 well microtiter plate model for biofilm formation was originally developed for C. albicans and other Candida spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple and reproducible 96-well plate-based method for the formation of fungal biofilms and its application to antifungal susceptibility testing

et al. 2008

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The incidence of fungal infections has increased significantly over the past decades. Very often these infections are associated with biofilm formation on implanted biomaterials and/or host surfaces. This has important clinical implications since fungal biofilms display properties that are dramatically different from planktonic (free-living) populations, including increased resistance to antifungal agents. Here we describe a rapid and highly reproducible 96 well microtiter-based method for the formation of fungal biofilms which is easily adaptable for antifungal susceptibility testing. This model is based on the ability of metabolically active sessile cells to reduce a tetrazolium salt (XTT) to water-soluble orange formazan compounds, the intensity of which can then be determined using a microtiter-plate reader. The entire procedure takes approximately two days to complete. This technique simplifies biofilm formation and quantification, making it more reliable and comparable among different laboratories, a necessary step towards the standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing of biofilms.

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“…1 Candida species are responsible for the increasing frequency of infections in immunocompromised patient groups, such as HIV-infected individuals and those being treated with chemotherapy or broad-spectrum antibiotics. 2 C. albicans is considered the most prevalent and pathogenic species of this gender, and is responsible for most of the superficial and systemic fungal infections. 1 Candida albicans is the fourth leading cause of bloodstream infections, and the third most commonly isolated organism from intravascular catheters; moreover, it is associated with the highest incidence of mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed biofilms formed by C. albicans and non-albicans species: a study of microbial interactions

et al. 2016

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Most Candida infections are related to microbial biofilms often formed by the association of different species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between Candida albicans and non-albicans species in biofilms formed in vitro. The nonalbicans species studied were: Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. Single and mixed biofilms (formed by clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans species) were developed from standardized suspensions of each strain (10 7 cells/mL), on flat-bottom 96-well microtiter plates for 48 hour. These biofilms were analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL) in Candida HiChrome agar and by determining cell viability, using the XTT 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide colorimetric assay. The results for both the CFU/mL count and the XTT colorimetric assay showed that all the species studied were capable of forming high levels of in vitro biofilm. The number of CFU/mL and the metabolic activity of C. albicans were reduced in mixed biofilms with non-albicans species, as compared with a single C. albicans biofilm. Among the species tested, C. krusei exerted the highest inhibitory action against C. albicans. In conclusion, C. albicans established antagonistic interactions with non-albicans Candida species in mixed biofilms.

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Biofilm formation of Candida albicans is variably affected by saliva and dietary sugars

Cited by 228 publications

References 34 publications

Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

A simple and reproducible 96-well plate-based method for the formation of fungal biofilms and its application to antifungal susceptibility testing

Mixed biofilms formed by C. albicans and non-albicans species: a study of microbial interactions

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