Biofilm Accumulation and Structure in the Flow Path of Drip Emitters Using Reclaimed Wastewater

Ding, Yan; Yang, Peidong; Rowan, Michael A.; Ren, Shuai; Pitts, D. J.

doi:10.13031/2013.30080

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is because wastewater intensifies the potential of microorganisms to develop and produce a biofilm layer on the internal surfaces of a micro-irrigation system. Biofilm formation can result in decreased or uneven discharge and emitter clogging [46]. Similarly, the decrease in uniformity registered in all the emitter models with the increase in the hours of irrigation with regenerated water also coincides with that obtained by other authors [34][35][36]47].…”

Section: Regarding Water Qualitysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This is because biofilm formation is a biomass accumulation process that increases with the presence of regenerated water. The formation of the biofilm has different phases, with different structural characteristics, until the development of the biofilm, and there is a relationship between biomass accumulation and clogging in a drip irrigation system receiving reclaimed wastewater [46].…”

Section: Regarding Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect is more pronounced in inter-line emitters that increase media uniformity by 2% (from 92 to 94%), and it also increases in on-line emitters by 1.5% (from 90% to 91.5%). This is caused by the complete drying of the pipelines, causing the death and disintegration of the biological colonies [46] that can cause a decrease in clogging and, therefore, an increase in uniformity.…”

Section: Regarding Type Of Emittermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Thirty-Eight Models of Drippers Using Reclaimed Water: Effect on Distribution Uniformity and Emitter Clogging

Baeza

París

2020

Water

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Emitter clogging is a problem in drip irrigation systems, and it is accentuated when using reclaimed water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the different commercial models of drippers used for irrigation with reclaimed water in greenhouse horticultural crops. Thirty-eight commercial emitter models were selected. The selection was based on recommended models from different irrigation installation companies and manufacturers for this type of water. These emitters had different types of pipeline insertion (inter-line, in-line, and on-line) and different pressure compensation (compensating and non-compensating pressure). The emitter models were analyzed in the laboratory, determining the manufacturing variation coefficient (Cv) and the emitter equation (Ee), and subsequently two consecutive tests were established in the greenhouse, with a period of irrigation inactivation between tests, as well as different reclaimed water qualities. The reclaimed water was regenerated urban wastewater from the city of Almería. Distribution uniformity coefficient (DU) and clogging of the emitter (Ec) were evaluated in the greenhouse tests. Of the 38 models analyzed, only one of them did not comply with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard, providing a Cv greater than 0.07. At the commencement of the greenhouse trial (0 h of irrigation), 14 dripper models performed with an excellent DU, above 95%, and all emitter models presented a DU above 85%. At the end of the second greenhouse trial (206 h of irrigation), three models recorded a DU of less than 85%. The application of reclaimed wastewater produced events of clogging and reducing uniformity in the studied models. On-line pressure-compensating emitter models had the worst performance. The irrigation inactivation period produced an improvement in uniformity values. By improving the quality of reclaimed water, all types of emitters showed a better performance during the irrigation season. Notably, pressure-compensating emitter models even showed some cleaning capacity, because their clogging was reduced in the second trial.

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Section: Regarding Water Qualitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Regarding Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regarding Type Of Emittermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Thirty-Eight Models of Drippers Using Reclaimed Water: Effect on Distribution Uniformity and Emitter Clogging

Baeza

París

2020

Water

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“…flow rate, cross section, and geometry of the millichannel) on microbial composition. Previous studies have described the microbial communities present in biofilms of different drippers by analysing phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) (Yan et al, 2010(Yan et al, , 2009Zhou et al, 2017). These authors showed that three to seven types of PLFAs associated with Gram-negative bacteria were common in biofilms inside drippers, suggesting a significant role for these bacteria in biofilm development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic effect on biofouling of milli-labyrinth channel and bacterial communities in drip irrigation systems fed with reclaimed wastewater

Lequette

Ait-Mouheb

Wéry

2020

Science of The Total Environment

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The clogging of drippers due to the development of biofilms reduces the benefits and is an obstacle to the implementation of drip irrigation technology. The geometry of the dripper channel has an impact on the flow behaviours and head loss. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of hydrodynamic parameters of three types of drippers (flow rates of 1, 2 and 4 l.h -1 ) fed by reclaimed wastewater on biofilm development kinetics and on the bacterial community. Using optical coherence tomography, we demonstrated that the inlet of the drippers (mainly the first baffle) and vortex zones are the most sensitive area for biofouling. Drippers .

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“…The variation in average flow rate for each type of emitter is calculated by the equation (Yan et al, 2011):…”

Section: Coefficient Of Variation Of Average Flow Rate Dramentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on clogging of three different types of emitters with similar properties

El Bouhali,

Ouarriche,

Bouisfi

et al. 2023

World Water Policy

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The drip irrigation process has been designed to reduce water losses, and to combine irrigation, with the supply of fertilizers. However, in drip irrigation systems, the clogging of emitters is a major problem that significantly reduces the performance of drip irrigation systems. The water used in these systems is generally loaded with suspended matter, which might cause clogging of the emitters. This work was carried out in order to evaluate the clogging rate in three different types of emitters with roughly similar flow rates, tested in an experimental drip irrigation system, using water pumped from the Sebou River. Thus, a compensating‐pressure emitter named E1 and two non‐compensating‐pressure emitters named E2 and E3 were tested. Each dripper was subjected to 112 irrigations, which lasted 397 h and were spread over a period of 2 months. To evaluate the hydraulic performance of the emitters, the following three coefficients were used to measure the effect of clogging: (i) the variation of the flow ratio (Dra), which reflects the degree of clogging; (ii) the emission uniformity coefficient (EU); and (iii) the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU). No emitters became completely clogged during the experiment. However, as the clogging rate increased, the average flow rates measured in some emitters at the end of the test had decreased by 89% compared to the initial flow rates. During the experiment, flow fluctuations were observed during the evolution of the clogging, which could come from a partial recovery of flow.

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Biofilm Accumulation and Structure in the Flow Path of Drip Emitters Using Reclaimed Wastewater

Abstract: ABSTRACT. Biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of Thirty-Eight Models of Drippers Using Reclaimed Water: Effect on Distribution Uniformity and Emitter Clogging

Evaluation of Thirty-Eight Models of Drippers Using Reclaimed Water: Effect on Distribution Uniformity and Emitter Clogging

Hydrodynamic effect on biofouling of milli-labyrinth channel and bacterial communities in drip irrigation systems fed with reclaimed wastewater

Experimental study on clogging of three different types of emitters with similar properties

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