“…Although the traditional focus has been on cell factory design, the critical need to exploit second-generation biomasses to achieve sustainability is now a major driver of research. Indeed, this leads to somewhat of a paradigm shift since, in these scenarios, the substrate achieves equal importance to the product: a process that does not use residual (Fei et al, 2016), (B) (Pomraning et al, 2019), (C) (Liang et al, 2012), (D) (Gao et al, 2014), (E) (Chaiyaso et al, 2019), (F) (Kahr et al, 2015), (G) (Quarterman et al, 2017), (H) (Antil et al, 2015), (I) (Ben Atitallah et al, 2019), (J) (Mierzejewska et al, 2019), (K) (Yuan et al, 2017), (L) (Oberoi et al, 2012), (M) (Rodrigues et al, 2016), (N) (Sukhang et al, 2020), (O) (Camargo et al, 2014) and (P) (Saini et al, 2015). biomasses will struggle to deliver sustainability.…”