Biodiversity of Bali Banana (Musaceae) and its Usefulness

Abstract

Banana (Musa spp.) is one the most important agriculture commodities in Indonesia. Archeological and molecular evidences suggest that speciation of this herb occurred in Indonesia, leading to the high diversity in the archipelago. In Bali Island, banana is not only sought for food but as well as for their symbolic role in religious and cultural ceremonies. However, the high demand for bananas in Bali is not yet supported by the adequate production of local farms. This presented study aimed to investigate the diversity of banana cultivars or sub-species in Bali and its usefulness to determine preferable cultivars to cultivate. We recorded and characterized 43 banana cultivars in 10 villages that represent the 8 regencies and 1 city of Bali province. Out of the 43 cultivars, 7 were highly used and at least one cultivar was discovered in each of the studied village. The presence of these cultivars in the study areas were confirmed by site visit and characterization of the fruits. Among the highly ranked cultivars or species, only biu kayu is unique to Bali as it was not found in the closest provinces of East Java and Madura. Hence, the results suggested that to improve the cultivation and production of these 7 highly used cultivars could be an appropriate solution to meet Bali demand of bananas. Furthermore, cultivating biu kayu would also help conservation effort since this cultivar is also currently listed as a rare genetic resource.

The effect of differences in fruit maturity levels of three Balinese banana cultivars (Musa spp.) on the quality of fruit flesh flour produced

“…Given that the drying process takes a few days until the banana flesh is in the dry phase of the wind and no longer wet, it is also supplemented by 9 hours of oven drying at 60 °C. Protein is necessary for the body in the processes of growth, development, and repair as well as maintenance, forming hormones and enzymes, maintaining fluid balance, and carrying nutrients in the body [2]. The results of testing protein levels in all combination treatments do not fulfill the quality requirements of wheat flour SNI 3751: 2009 because it has a minimum value of 7.0%.…”

“…In Indonesia, banana is one of the horticultural products of high economic value, as an export commodity and widely cultivated in all regions. Bali is one of the regions designated as a banana producing center in Indonesia and has 43 local Balinese banana cultivars [2]. In 2020, banana's production in Bali reached 242,242 tons [3], while in Indonesia it reached 8,182,756 tons [4].…”

“…In 2020, banana's production in Bali reached 242,242 tons [3], while in Indonesia it reached 8,182,756 tons [4]. Balinese people use banana in all parts of their plants as processed food, decorations, medicine, food wrappers, fodder, and also as a symbol of ceremony, particularly for the Balinese Hindu religion [2]. Three cultivars that are classified as widely used are Ambon Kuning banana as a fruit that is consumed fresh, Kepok banana as a fruit that can be eaten fresh and be processed, and Ketip banana as a processed product.…”

Identification of Morphological Characters and Time of Mitotic Musa Paradisiaca cv. Haji

“…Pisang Bile juga terdapat di daerah Buleleng Bali dan memiliki keunggulan daya simpan, cita rasa buah manis kering dan daging buah berwarna kuning oranye (Anonim, 2020). Rai et al, (2018) menyatakan bahwa pisang Bile terdapat di Buleleng Bali, merupakan kelompok cooking banana dan bergenom AB. Jenis genom tersebut berbeda dengan yang dinyatakan oleh Gusmiati et al, (2018).…”

Epidermal Structure and Leaf Stomata of Several Accessions of Banana Plants (Musa spp.)

“…Various kinds of plants are found in Indonesia. One of which is banana; there are almost no areas in Indonesia without them (Rai et al, 2018;Saiya et al, 2020). Bananas are one of the leading commodities and make the biggest contribution to national fruit production.…”