Biodiesel: The influence of dealcoholization on reaction mixture composition after neutralization of catalyst by carbon dioxide

Butanol as a co-solvent for transesterification of rapeseed oil by methanol under homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst

“…esters loss ( GP ester w ), which is different from other papers. The content of ester in the GP (19-25 wt%) was higher than in the GP prepared by transesterification with only methanol, where it was approximately 10 wt% [18]. For butanol, the ester content in the GP has not been published yet.…”

“…Throughout the reaction time, the reaction mixture was sampled and the content of mono-, di-and triacylglycerides was determined. The reaction was stopped by catalyst neutralization by (i) gas carbon dioxide as a week acid [18] or (ii) phosphoric acid as a strong acid [19]. The acids had been dosed approximately for 5 min until the pH fell to the minimum value, which was approximately 8 for carbon dioxide and 10.5 for phosphoric acid.…”

The Catalysed Transformation of Vegetable Oils or Animal Fats to Biofuels and Bio-Lubricants: A Review

“…During the removal of unreacted alcohol, a reverse reaction may occur (from the esters and glycerol, there are successively formed MG, DG, and TG), and therefore the reactions have to be finished [74] (the catalyst is not possible to reuse). The reaction can be finished by stopping the mixing and subsequent separation of the formed EP from the glycerol phase (GP), whereby the catalyst as a polar substance passes into the GP, and the reaction does not proceed further.…”

The use of cosolvents in heterogeneously and homogeneously catalysed methanolysis of oil

“…After reaction time (90 min), the reaction was stopped by neutralization of the catalyst by gaseous carbon dioxide (weak acid) (Hajek et al, 2012) or phosphoric acid (relatively strong acid). For neutralization by CO 2 , pH was monitored and when decreased to constant value (approximately 9), the catalyst was neutralized.…”

“…In addition, the transesterification was stopped by neutralisation of remained catalyst by two types of acids: gas CO 2 as weak acid (Hajek et al, 2012) and by concentrated H 3 PO 4 as a relatively strong acid (Vavra et al, 2018). After separation, the properties of the ester phase and glycerol phase were determined including ester losses in the GP.…”