Biodegradation by White-Rot Fungi

Ralph, John; Catcheside, D. E. A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10378-4_15

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Thus, maintenance of forest area, reforestation of former agricultural land, increased use of woody products and production of wood biomass for bio-energy are measures included in the climate change mitigation portfolio of the forest sector [2]. Aerobic white-rot fungi are the only organisms able to efficiently mineralize all cell wall components of wood to carbon dioxide and water, and therefore these fungi play a central role in carbon and nitrogen cycling in forests [5]. Disruptions in this cycle are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that attack living trees, reduce tree growth and cause premature tree mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

Hietala

Dörsch

Kvaalen

et al. 2015

Forests

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Globally, billions of tons of carbon sequestered in trees are annually recycled back to the atmosphere through wood decomposition by microbes. In Norway, every fifth Norway spruce shows at final harvest infection by pathogenic white-rot fungi in the genera Heterobasidion and Armillaria. As these fungi can mineralize all components of wood, we predicted that they have a significant carbon footprint. Gas samples taken from infected stems were analyzed for CO2 and CH4 concentrations, and wood samples from different parts of the decay columns were incubated under hypoxic (4% O2) and anoxic laboratory conditions. In spring and summer the stem concentrations of CO2 were generally two times higher in trees with heartwood decay than in healthy trees. For most of the healthy trees and trees with heartwood decay, mean stem concentrations of CH4 were comparable to ambient air, and only some Armillaria infected trees showed moderately elevated CH4. Consistently, low CH4 production potentials were recorded in the laboratory experiment. Up-scaling of CO2 efflux due to wood decay in living trees suggests that the balance between carbon sequestration and emission may be substantially influenced in stands with high frequency of advanced root and stem heartwood decay.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

Hietala

Dörsch

Kvaalen

et al. 2015

Forests

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“…Fungi play a central role in ecosystems by decomposing organic matter and thereby recycling formerly bound carbon and nutrients (Grinhut et al, 2007). This process is especially important in forests where fungi are essential for wood decay and therefore have a great impact on the carbon and nitrogen cycles in these environments (Ralph and Catcheside, 2002). White rot fungi are able to decompose the chemically complex structural component lignin, whereas brown rot fungi mainly metabolize cellulose and hemicellulose (Ten Have and Teunissen, 2001;Leonowicz et al, 1999;Valášková and Baldrian, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stable carbon isotope signature of methane produced by saprotrophic fungi

Schroll¹,

Keppler²,

Greule³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Methane (CH4) is the most abundant organic compound in the atmosphere with emissions from many biotic and abiotic sources. Recent studies have shown that CH4 production occurs under aerobic conditions in eukaryotes such as plants, animals, algae and saprotrophic fungi. Saprotrophic fungi play an important role in nutrient recycling in terrestrial ecosystems by their ability to decompose plant litter. Even though the CH4 production by saprotrophic fungi has been reported, so far, no data for stable carbon isotope values of the emitted CH4 (δ13C-CH4 values) is available. In this study we measured the δ13C values of CH4 and carbon dioxide (δ13C-CO2 values) emitted by the two saprotrophic fungi Pleurotus sapidus and Laetiporus sulphureus cultivated on three different substrates pine wood, grass and corn, reflecting both C3 and C4 plants with distinguished bulk δ13C values. Applying keeling plots, we found that the δ13C source values of CH4 emitted from fungi cover a wide range from −40 mUr to −69 mUr depending on the growth substrate and fungal species. Whilst little apparent carbon isotopic fractionation (in the range of −0.3 mUr to 4.6 mUr) was calculated for δ13C values of CO2 released from P. sapidus and L. sulphureus relative to the bulk δ13C values of the growth substrates, much larger carbon isotopic fractionations (ranging from −22 mUr to −42 mUr) were observed for the formation of CH4. Whilst the two fungal species showed similar δ13CH4 source values when grown on pine wood, δ13CH4 source values differed substantially between the two fungal species when grown on grass or corn. We found that δ13CH4 source values emitted by saprotrophic fungi are highly dependent on the fungal species and the metabolized substrate. They cover a broad range of δ13CH4 values and overlap with values reported for methanogenic archaea, thermogenic degradation of organic matter and other eukaryotes.

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Fungal Ecology: Saprotrophs

Deacon¹

2005

Fungal Biology

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Biodegradation by White-Rot Fungi

Cited by 5 publications

References 139 publications

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

The stable carbon isotope signature of methane produced by saprotrophic fungi

Fungal Ecology: Saprotrophs

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