Biocidal polymers (II): Determination of biological activity of novel N-halamine biocidal polymers and evaluation for use in water filters

Ahmed, Abd El-Shafey I.; Hay, J. N.; Bushell, Michael E.; Wardell, J. N.; Cavalli, Gabriel

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.06.021

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Dentre os grupos biocidas mais estudados, destacam-se os sais de amônio e fosfônio quaternários [1,7,8,11,12,16,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] , os complexos de transferência de carga envolvendo grupos amônio quaternário e iodo [10,12,13,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]47,[63][64][65][66] , as N-haloaminas [7,47,[67][68][69][70][71]…”

Section: Polímeros Reticulados Com Atividade Biocidaunclassified

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Resinas poliméricas reticuladas com ação biocida: atual estado da arte

et al. 2015

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AesumoCopolímeros reticulados à base de divinilbenzeno vêm sendo extensivamente empregados como suportes de catalisadores e complexantes de íons metálicos, adsorventes de compostos orgânicos e fases estacionárias em separações cromatográficas. A introdução de grupos biocidas a estes materiais é relatada em patentes desde a década de 1970, contudo apenas a partir do ano 2000 estes copolímeros passaram a ser aplicados também como suportes para grupos biocidas. A presente revisão apresenta as principais combinações de suportes poliméricos e grupos biocidas estudados com o objetivo de preparar resinas biocidas reticuladas. Procura-se estabelecer relação entre as características dessas resinas e seu mecanismo de ação biocida. Palavras-chave: agentes antimicrobianos imobilizados em polímeros, biocida, copolímeros de estireno-divinilbenzeno, resinas poliméricas. AbstractCrosslinked copolymers of divinylbenzene have been extensively employed as supports for catalysts and chelating groups of metal ions, adsorbents of organic compounds and stationary phases for chromatography separations. The use of these copolymers as support for biocidal groups is reported in patents since the 1970s, but only after 2000 were these copolymers also applied as supports for biocidal groups. This paper describes the main combinations of polymeric supports and biocide groups employed in biocide polymer resins. The relationship between the characteristics of these resins and their mechanism of action is also established in this work.Keywords: antimicrobial agents immobilized on polymers, biocide, styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, polymeric resins. IntroduçãoA contaminação por micro-organismos pode causar sérias complicações para o homem, particularmente se estiver em equipamentos médicos, cirúrgicos, odontológicos, medicamentos, produtos de higiene e de cuidados com a saúde, sistemas de purificação de água, tecidos, embalagens e estocagem de alimentos [1,2] . Uma maneira de combater as atividades microbianas negativas é através de agentes biocidas. "Biocida" é um termo genérico utilizado para se referir aos compostos dotados da capacidade de inibir o crescimento ou matar determinados micro-organismos. A aplicação desta classe de materiais é muito ampla, podendo ser utilizados nos mais diversos produtos e processos, e por isso outros termos são utilizados para diferenciá-los entre si: antibióticos, antissépticos, desinfetantes e conservantes [3] .Percebe-se que há uma confusão conceitual quanto à atividade do agente antimicrobiano. O termo biocida só deve ser utilizado quando ocorrer a destruição significativa dos micro-organismos e o termo bioestático ou bacteriostático quando ocorrer a inibição do crescimento dos micro-organismos, sem que no entanto estes sejam destruídos [4,5] . Os agentes biocidas podem exercer efeitos tanto bacteriostáticos quanto bactericidas. Os mecanismos de ação responsáveis por esses efeitos podem diferir. Efeitos bacteriostáticos são geralmente considerados quando causam algum dano metabólico que é reversível pela r...

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Section: Polímeros Reticulados Com Atividade Biocidaunclassified

“…Este tipo de comparação não é comum na literatura, talvez porque julga-se que um Tabela 1. Estrutura dos polímeros biocidas comumente estudados [10,47,67,77] .…”

Section: Polímeros Reticulados Com Atividade Biocidaunclassified

Resinas poliméricas reticuladas com ação biocida: atual estado da arte

et al. 2015

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“…The suspension was reperfused again (for 10 cycles) through the column, and bacterial viability was determined after each cycle. A column containing nonhalogenated polymer 2 was used as a control (3). Bacterial numbers were quantified by using the Miles and Misra method (13); a small amount (0.1 ml) of each sample of the outlet was taken and kept on ice to determine bacterial viability.…”

Section: Materials M-phenylenediaminementioning

confidence: 99%

“…N-Halamine polymers have been shown to have significant antimicrobial properties (2), and their ability to exchange halogen with microorganisms has raised the possibility of incorporating the polymer into water filters (2)(3)(4)(5). Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the halogen exchange between the N-halamine polymer and microorganisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

New Approach To Produce Water Free of Bacteria, Viruses, and Halogens in a Recyclable System

Ahmed

Cavalli

Bushell

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The antimicrobial activity of a new cross-linked N-halamine polymer against bacteria and viruses was evaluated. The polymer achieved a 9-log 10 reduction of bacteria (both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) in 1.5 h and a 5-log 10 reduction of bacteriophage PRD1 in 3 h. At the same time, the ability of the nonhalogenated polymer to trap halide ions was examined. The polymer was incorporated into a multifiltration system to study the ability to produce water free of bacteria, viruses, and halide ions. The antimicrobial activity, useful lifetime, halide ion level, and recycling possibilities of the system were quantified on a laboratory scale. A design for a large-scale multifiltration system based on this polymer is proposed.The latest report from the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme shows that the world is on track to meet goal 7, target 7c, of the millennium development goals (MDGs) (21) with respect to access to improved water supplies. Nevertheless, despite the progress that has been made during the last 10 years, over 850 million people do not have access to improved sources of drinking water, with almost all of them living in developing regions. In Europe most people are connected to a piped water supply managed by a water utility. The remainder, around 10% of the population, receive their water from small, or very small, private water supplies (17). A recent survey of the microbiological quality of water from private water supplies in the United Kingdom has shown that just over one-third show evidence of fecal contamination and, by projection, that 54% of all such supplies are likely to be unsatisfactory (17).

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“…Two methods can be used for this purpose: impregnation of the antibacterial agent on the polymeric support or chemical modification of the polymer [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . Alternatively, monomers containing the bactericidal groups can be polymerized and subsequently cross-linked to obtain a biocidal polymer [9,[11][12][13] . Although polymerization of functionalized monomers is a more direct route to prepare biocidal polymers, these functionalized monomers are expensive and it is hard to obtain spherical beads with controlled morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bactericidal Action of 2-vinylpiridine Copolymers Containing Quaternary Ammonium Groups and Their Charge Transfer Complexes

Valle¹,

Marques²,

Costa³

et al. 2013

Polímeros

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Abstract:We report the development of copolymers based on 2-vinylpyridine with different porosity degrees. The copolymers were quaternized with methyl iodide and acrylonitrile to introduce quaternary ammonium groups on pyridine units. To prepare charge transfer complexes, the unmodified copolymers and their derivatives quaternized were impregnated with iodine. The antibacterial properties of all the polymers were evaluated ranging from of the Escherichia coli strain. The unmodified copolymers did not have antibacterial activity against E.Coli suspensions. The quaternization with methyl iodine and acrylonitrile increased the biocidal performance of these copolymers, but only the copolymer with the lowest porosity modified with methyl iodine showed significant bactericidal action for all E. Coli concentrations. The 2-vinylpiridine copolymers quaternized and impregnated with iodine had higher antibacterial activity than the impregnated ones. The charge transfer complexes derived from the copolymer with the lowest porosity and highest swelling capacity in water had the best bactericidal performance.

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Biocidal polymers (II): Determination of biological activity of novel N-halamine biocidal polymers and evaluation for use in water filters

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Resinas poliméricas reticuladas com ação biocida: atual estado da arte

Resinas poliméricas reticuladas com ação biocida: atual estado da arte

New Approach To Produce Water Free of Bacteria, Viruses, and Halogens in a Recyclable System

Evaluation of Bactericidal Action of 2-vinylpiridine Copolymers Containing Quaternary Ammonium Groups and Their Charge Transfer Complexes

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