Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Wood

Higuchi, Takayoshi

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60469-0

Cited by 199 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…The main chromatographic peaks corresponded to carbohydrate-derived compounds whereas the peaks of lignin-derived compounds were much lower. However, by monitoring individual ions corresponding to the M w of selected lignin markers (see Section 2.5), information on relative lignin content and composition [26] could be obtained, as illustrated in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Flax Pulp Bleaching With Different Laccases and Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient bleaching of non-wood high-quality paper pulp using laccase-mediator system

Camarero

García

Vidal

et al. 2004

Enzyme and Microbial Technology

176

106

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High-quality flax pulp was bleached in a totally-chlorine-free (TCF) sequence using a laccase-mediator system. Three fungal laccases (from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus eryngii) and two mediators, 2,2 -azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), were compared. P. cinnabarinus and T. versicolor laccases in the presence of HBT gave the best results in terms of high brightness and low lignin content (kappa number). The former laccase also resulted in the best preservation of cellulose and the largest removal of residual lignin as revealed by analytical pyrolysis, and was selected for subsequent TCF bleaching. Up to 90% delignification and strong brightness increase were attained after a laccase-mediator treatment followed by H 2 O 2 bleaching. This TCF sequence was further improved by applying H 2 O 2 under pressurized O 2 . In this way, we obtained up to 82% ISO brightness (compared with 37% in the initial pulp, and 60% in the peroxide-bleached control) and very low kappa number (near 1). Good results were also found when the laccase-mediator treatment was performed in a bioreactor under pressurized oxygen. The pulp properties obtained, which could not be attained by conventional TCF bleaching of flax pulp, demonstrate the feasibility of enzymatic bleaching to substitute chlorine-containing reagents in manufacturing of these high-price paper pulps.

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Section: Flax Pulp Bleaching With Different Laccases and Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient bleaching of non-wood high-quality paper pulp using laccase-mediator system

Camarero

García

Vidal

et al. 2004

Enzyme and Microbial Technology

176

106

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“…The properties of wood are functions of the size, shape and arrangement of cells in wood, as well as the structure and chemistry of the cell walls. The importance of wood as an industrial raw material has motivated extensive analysis of its structure and chemistry (Lewin and Goldstein, 1991;Biermann, 1993;Higuchi, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional genomics and cell wall biosynthesis in loblolly pine

et al. 2001

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Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is the most widely planted tree species in the USA and an important tree in commercial forestry world-wide. The large genome size and long generation time of this species present obstacles to both breeding and molecular genetic analysis. Gene discovery by partial DNA sequence determination of cDNA clones is an effective means of building a knowledge base for molecular investigations of mechanisms governing aspects of pine growth and development, including the commercially relevant properties of secondary cell walls in wood. Microarray experiments utilizing pine cDNA clones can be used to gain additional information about the potential roles of expressed genes in wood formation. Different methods have been used to analyze data from first-generation pine microarrays, with differing degrees of success. Disparities in predictions of differential gene expression between cDNA sequencing experiments and microarray experiments arise from differences in the nature of the respective analyses, but both approaches provide lists of candidate genes which should be further investigated for potential roles in cell wall formation in differentiating pine secondary xylem. Some of these genes seem to be specific to pine, while others also occur in model plants such as Arabidopsis, where they could be more efficiently investigated.

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“…4-Coumarate:coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (4CL) mediates activation of hydroxycinnamic acids 4-(p)-coumaric acid (PA), caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), 5-hydroxyferulic acid (5HFA), and sinapic acid (SA) into the high-energy intermediates used for biosynthesis of lignin, flavonoids, and various other protective, attractant, and signaling metabolites (Hahlbrock and Scheel, 1989;Dixon and Paiva, 1995;Higuchi, 1997;Whetten et al, 1998). Multiple 4CL isoforms with differential in vitro substrate specificities have been reported in several species (Knobloch and Hahlbrock, 1975;Ehlting et al, 1999), including aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Substrate Inhibition Couples Kinetically Distinct 4-Coumarate:Coenzyme A Ligases with Spatially Distinct Metabolic Roles in Quaking Aspen

et al. 2002

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4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) activates hydroxycinnamates for entry into phenylpropanoid branchways that support various metabolic activities, including lignification and flavonoid biosynthesis. However, it is not clear whether and how 4CL proteins with their broad substrate specificities fulfill the specific hydroxycinnamate requirements of the branchways they supply. Two tissue-specific 4CLs, Pt4CL1 and Pt4CL2, have previously been cloned from quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), but whether they are catalytically adapted for the distinctive metabolic roles they are thought to support is not apparent from published biochemical data. Therefore, single-and mixed-substrate assays were conducted to determine whether the 4CLs from aspen exhibit clear catalytic identities under certain metabolic circumstances. Recombinant Pt4CL1 and Pt4CL2 exhibited the expected preference for p-coumarate in single-substrate assays, but strong competitive inhibition favored utilization of caffeate and p-coumarate, respectively, in mixed-substrate assays. The Pt4CL1 product, caffeoyl-CoA, predominated in mixed-substrate assays with xylem extract, and this was consistent with the near absence of Pt4CL2 expression in xylem tissue as determined by in situ hybridization. It is interesting that the Pt4CL2 product p-coumaroyl-CoA predominated in assays with developing leaf extract, although in situ hybridization revealed that both genes were coexpressed. The xylem extract and recombinant 4CL1 data allow us to advance a mechanism by which 4CL1 can selectively utilize caffeate for the support of monolignol biosynthesis in maturing xylem and phloem fibers. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), in contrast, possesses a single 4CL protein exhibiting broad substrate specificity in mixed-substrate assays. We discuss these 4CL differences in terms of the contrasts in lignification between angiosperm trees and their gymnosperm progenitors. 4-Coumarate:coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (4CL) mediates activation of hydroxycinnamic acids 4-(p)-coumaric acid (PA), caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), 5-hydroxyferulic acid (5HFA), and sinapic acid (SA) into the high-energy intermediates used for biosynthesis of lignin, flavonoids, and various other protective, attractant, and signaling metabolites (Hahlbrock and Scheel, 1989; Dixon and Paiva, 1995;Higuchi, 1997;Whetten et al., 1998). Multiple 4CL isoforms with differential in vitro substrate specificities have been reported in several species (Knobloch and Hahlbrock, 1975;Ehlting et al., 1999), including aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.; Hu et al., 1998), and these isoforms have been proposed to control the relative abundance of flavonoids and various lignin precursors (monolignols) during structural, protective, and reproductive development (Ranjeva et al., 1976;Knobloch and Hahlbrock, 1977;Grand et al., 1983). Wounding, UV light, and elicitors increase transcript abundance of different 4CL isoforms (Uhlmann and Ebel, 1993;Ehlting et al., 1999), reinforcing the model that there are distinct associations be...

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Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Wood

Cited by 199 publications

References 0 publications

Efficient bleaching of non-wood high-quality paper pulp using laccase-mediator system

Efficient bleaching of non-wood high-quality paper pulp using laccase-mediator system

Functional genomics and cell wall biosynthesis in loblolly pine

Differential Substrate Inhibition Couples Kinetically Distinct 4-Coumarate:Coenzyme A Ligases with Spatially Distinct Metabolic Roles in Quaking Aspen

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