Biochemical profile of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) after infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)

Abstract

The effect of infection by Echinostoma paraensei on the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the concentration of total proteins, uric acid and urea in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata were investigated after exposure to five or 50 miracidia. The biochemical concentrations were measured weekly until the end of the fourth week after exposure. There was a significant decrease in the concentrations of total proteins in the snails exposed both to five and 50 miracidia, as well as an increase in the nitrogenous products of excretion, ALT and AST activities. The higher ALT activity in the hemolymph of the snails after infection with 50 miracidia suggests highest energetic requirement in these snails in relation to snails exposed to five miracidia. The results also suggest an increase in the use of total proteins, since there was increased formation of nitrogenous catabolites, in conformity with an increase in the aminotransferase activities, frequently associated with tissue damages. This can be explained by damage due to penetration by the miracidia and subsequent development of intramolluscan sporocysts and rediae.

Assessment of the experimental infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Lie & Basch, 1967) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in two Biomphalaria tenagophila (D’Orbigny, 1835) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) isolates resistant and susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907) (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae)

“…Limited reproductive capacity of the parasite may have occurred in the present study, which was possibly inluenced by factors such as nutrient availability and physical space for cercariogenesis (TUNHOLI ET AL., 2011a;2011b).…”

Assessment of the experimental infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Lie & Basch, 1967) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in two Biomphalaria tenagophila (D’Orbigny, 1835) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) isolates resistant and susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907) (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae)

“…Limited reproductive capacity of the parasite may have occurred in the present study, which was possibly inluenced by factors such as nutrient availability and physical space for cercariogenesis (TUNHOLI ET AL., 2011a;2011b).…”

Molluscicidal and antischistosomal activities of methanol extracts and isolated compounds fromEucalyptus globulusandMelaleuca styphelioides

“…The increased levels of transaminases in the hemolymph may be due to their release from the damaged tissue into the hemolymph (Bakry et al, 2011), and this would also explain the decreased levels found in the snail tissue. AST and ALT are important enzymes in amino acid metabolism and the generation of energy from amino acids (Tunholi et al, 2011). Therefore, the increase in transaminases may also result from the high energy demand of the snail under intoxication conditions.…”

Biocontrol potential of Arabidopsis thaliana against Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, focusing on biological, physiological, histopathological, and genotoxic impacts

“…AST and ALT are regarded as sensitive markers and critical enzymes for the assessment of hepatocellular damage in snails under stressful conditions ( Tunholi et al, 2011 ). Alkaline phosphatase is beneficial in protein synthesis and other secretory activities in gastropods, its inhibition may result in a drop in protein levels ( Ibrahim et al, 1977 ).…”

Assessment of the experimental infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Lie & Basch, 1967) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in two Biomphalaria tenagophila (D’Orbigny, 1835) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) isolates resistant and susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907) (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae)

“…Limited reproductive capacity of the parasite may have occurred in the present study, which was possibly inluenced by factors such as nutrient availability and physical space for cercariogenesis (TUNHOLI ET AL., 2011a;2011b).…”

Molluscicidal and antischistosomal activities of methanol extracts and isolated compounds fromEucalyptus globulusandMelaleuca styphelioides

“…The increased levels of transaminases in the hemolymph may be due to their release from the damaged tissue into the hemolymph (Bakry et al, 2011), and this would also explain the decreased levels found in the snail tissue. AST and ALT are important enzymes in amino acid metabolism and the generation of energy from amino acids (Tunholi et al, 2011). Therefore, the increase in transaminases may also result from the high energy demand of the snail under intoxication conditions.…”

Biocontrol potential of Arabidopsis thaliana against Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, focusing on biological, physiological, histopathological, and genotoxic impacts

“…AST and ALT are regarded as sensitive markers and critical enzymes for the assessment of hepatocellular damage in snails under stressful conditions ( Tunholi et al, 2011 ). Alkaline phosphatase is beneficial in protein synthesis and other secretory activities in gastropods, its inhibition may result in a drop in protein levels ( Ibrahim et al, 1977 ).…”

Assessment of the experimental infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Lie & Basch, 1967) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in two Biomphalaria tenagophila (D’Orbigny, 1835) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) isolates resistant and susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907) (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae)

“…Limited reproductive capacity of the parasite may have occurred in the present study, which was possibly inluenced by factors such as nutrient availability and physical space for cercariogenesis (TUNHOLI ET AL., 2011a;2011b).…”

Molluscicidal and antischistosomal activities of methanol extracts and isolated compounds fromEucalyptus globulusandMelaleuca styphelioides

“…The increased levels of transaminases in the hemolymph may be due to their release from the damaged tissue into the hemolymph (Bakry et al, 2011), and this would also explain the decreased levels found in the snail tissue. AST and ALT are important enzymes in amino acid metabolism and the generation of energy from amino acids (Tunholi et al, 2011). Therefore, the increase in transaminases may also result from the high energy demand of the snail under intoxication conditions.…”

Biocontrol potential of Arabidopsis thaliana against Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, focusing on biological, physiological, histopathological, and genotoxic impacts

“…AST and ALT are regarded as sensitive markers and critical enzymes for the assessment of hepatocellular damage in snails under stressful conditions ( Tunholi et al, 2011 ). Alkaline phosphatase is beneficial in protein synthesis and other secretory activities in gastropods, its inhibition may result in a drop in protein levels ( Ibrahim et al, 1977 ).…”