Biochar combined with Bacillus subtilis SL-44 as an eco-friendly strategy to improve soil fertility, reduce Fusarium wilt, and promote radish growth

Chen, Wumei; Wu, Zhansheng; Liu, Changhao; Zhang, Ziyan; Liu, Xiaochen

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114509

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Aside from being applied alone to alter the abundance and diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms, however, Bacillus subtilis can also be used as a carrier with biochar to prepare microbial biochar formulations. For example, it was found that BCMs treatment exhibited a significant increase in the abundance of bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of radish [ 45 ]. However, this study is contrary to the result that chemical fumigation reduces soil microbial diversity, which suggests that the application of biocontrol agents protects soil microbial diversity better than chemical fumigation [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Bacillus spp. Strains Improve the Structure and Diversity of the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community of Lilium brownii var. viridulum

et al. 2023

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Lily Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium spp. spreads rapidly and is highly destructive, leading to a severe reduction in yield. In this study, lily (Lilium brownii var. viridulum) bulbs were irrigated after planting with suspensions of two Bacillus strains that effectively control lily Fusarium wilt disease to assess their effects on the rhizosphere soil properties and microbial community. A high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil was performed and the soil physicochemical properties were measured. The FunGuild and Tax4Fun tools were used for a functional profile prediction. The results showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BF1 and B. subtilis Y37 controlled lily Fusarium wilt disease with control efficacies of 58.74% and 68.93%, respectively, and effectively colonized the rhizosphere soil. BF1 and Y37 increased the bacterial diversity and richness of the rhizosphere soil and improved the physicochemical properties of the soil, thereby favoring the proliferation of beneficial microbes. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was increased and that of pathogenic bacteria was decreased. Bacillus abundance in the rhizosphere was positively correlated with most soil physicochemical properties, whereas Fusarium abundance was negatively correlated with most physicochemical properties. Functional prediction revealed that irrigation with BF1 and Y37 significantly upregulated glycolysis/gluconeogenesis among metabolism and absorption pathways. This study provides insights into the mechanism by which two Bacillus strains with antifungal activity, BF1 and Y37, antagonize plant pathogenic fungi and lays the foundation for their effective application as biocontrol agents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Bacillus spp. Strains Improve the Structure and Diversity of the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community of Lilium brownii var. viridulum

et al. 2023

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“…Biofilm can resist adverse environmental factors and enhance and stabilize the metabolic activity of microorganisms to ensure growth and reproduction in an unstable environment [48]. In previous studies, biochar could capture a large number of Bacillus subtilis bacteria to form biofilm, which increased the survival of beneficial microorganisms [49]. In the cultivation of hot pepper, the addition of biochar can not only retain its beneficial effect on soil physical and chemical properties, but also improve the colonization effect of Bacillus subtilis [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Combination of Biochar and Bacillus subtilis Biological Agent Reduced the Relative Abundance of Pathogenic Bacteria in the Rhizosphere Soil of Panax notoginseng

Zhou,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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In the continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng, the pathogenic fungi in the rhizosphere soil increased and infected the roots of Panax notoginseng, resulting in a decrease in yield. This is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in order to effectively overcome the obstacles associated with the continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng. Previous studies have shown that Bacillus subtilis inhibits pathogenic fungi in the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng, but the inhibitory effect was not stable. Therefore, we hope to introduce biochar to help Bacillus subtilis colonize in soil. In the experiment, fields planted with Panax notoginseng for 5 years were renovated, and biochar was mixed in at the same time. The applied amount of biochar was set to four levels (B0, 10 kg·hm−2; B1, 80 kg·hm−2; B2, 110 kg·hm−2; B3, 140 kg·hm−2), and Bacillus subtilis biological agent was set to three levels (C1, 10 kg·hm−2; C2, 15 kg·hm−2; C3, 25 kg·hm−2). The full combination experiment and a blank control group (CK) were used. The experimental results show that the overall Ascomycota decreased by 0.86%~65.68% at the phylum level. Basidiomycota increased by −73.81%~138.47%, and Mortierellomycota increased by −51.27%~403.20%. At the genus level, Mortierella increased by −10.29%~855.44%, Fusarium decreased by 35.02%~86.79%, and Ilyonectria increased by −93.60%~680.62%. Fusarium mainly causes acute bacterial wilt root rot, while Ilyonectria mainly causes yellow rot. Under different treatments, the Shannon index increased by −6.77%~62.18%, the Chao1 index increased by −12.07%~95.77%, the Simpson index increased by −7.31%~14.98%, and the ACE index increased by −11.75%~96.12%. The good_coverage indices were all above 0.99. The results of a random forest analysis indicated that Ilyonectria, Pyrenochaeta, and Xenopolyscytalum were the top three most important species in the soil, with MeanDecreaseGini values of 2.70, 2.50, and 2.45, respectively. Fusarium, the primary pathogen of Panax notoginseng, ranked fifth, and its MeanDecreaseGini value was 2.28. The experimental results showed that the B2C2 treatment had the best inhibitory effect on Fusarium, and the relative abundance of Fusarium in Panax notoginseng rhizosphere soil decreased by 86.79% under B2C2 treatment; the B1C2 treatment had the best inhibitory effect on Ilyonectria, and the relative abundance of Ilyonectria in the Panax notoginseng rhizosphere soil decreased by 93.60% under B1C2 treatment. Therefore, if we want to improve the soil with acute Ralstonia solanacearum root rot, we should use the B2C2 treatment to improve the soil environment; if we want to improve the soil with yellow rot disease, we should use the B1C2 treatment to improve the soil environment.

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“…Indeed, the degree of utilization of B4 (L-Asparagine) by soil microorganisms in FO3 was significantly higher than that of other carbon sources. Organic fertilizer can accelerate the abundance of Pseudomonas and promote the formation of biofilms between specific bacterial groups, which is conducive to plant disease resistance (Chen et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate organic fertilizer substitution for partial chemical fertilizer improved soil microbial carbon source utilization and bacterial community composition in rain-fed wheat fields: current year

Liu,

Yang,

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Organic fertilizers can partially replace chemical fertilizers to improve agricultural production and reduce negative environmental impacts. To study the effect of organic fertilizer on soil microbial carbon source utilization and bacterial community composition in the field of rain-fed wheat, we conducted a field experiment from 2016 to 2017 in a completely randomized block design with four treatments: the control with 100% NPK compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 20:10:10) of 750 kg/ha (CK), a combination of 60% NPK compound fertilizer with organic fertilizer of 150 kg/ha (FO1), 300 kg/ha (FO2), and 450 kg/ha (FO3), respectively. We investigated the yield, soil property, the utilization of 31 carbon sources by soil microbes, soil bacterial community composition, and function prediction at the maturation stage. The results showed that (1) compared with CK, organic fertilizer substitution treatments improved ear number per hectare (13%−26%), grain numbers per spike (8%−14%), 1000-grain weight (7%−9%), and yield (3%−7%). Organic fertilizer substitution treatments increased the total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and soil organic matter contents by 26%, 102%, 12%, and 26%, respectively, compared with CK treatments. Organic fertilizer substitution treatments significantly advanced the partial productivity of fertilizers. (2) Carbohydrates and amino acids were found to be the most sensitive carbon sources for soil microorganisms in different treatments. Particularly for FO3 treatment, the utilization of β-Methyl D-Glucoside, L-Asparagine acid, and glycogen by soil microorganisms was higher than other treatments and positively correlated with soil nutrients and wheat yield. (3) Compared with CK, organic fertilizer substitution treatments increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes and decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Interestingly, FO3 treatment improved the relative abundance of Nitrosovibrio, Kaistobacter, Balneimonas, Skermanella, Pseudomonas, and Burkholderia belonging to Proteobacteria and significantly boosted the relative abundance of function gene K02433 [the aspartyl-tRNA (Asn)/glutamyl-tRNA (Gln)]. Based on the abovementioned findings, we suggest FO3 as the most appropriate organic substitution method in rain-fed wheat fields.

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Biochar combined with Bacillus subtilis SL-44 as an eco-friendly strategy to improve soil fertility, reduce Fusarium wilt, and promote radish growth

Cited by 28 publications

References 59 publications

Two Bacillus spp. Strains Improve the Structure and Diversity of the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community of Lilium brownii var. viridulum

Two Bacillus spp. Strains Improve the Structure and Diversity of the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community of Lilium brownii var. viridulum

The Combination of Biochar and Bacillus subtilis Biological Agent Reduced the Relative Abundance of Pathogenic Bacteria in the Rhizosphere Soil of Panax notoginseng

Moderate organic fertilizer substitution for partial chemical fertilizer improved soil microbial carbon source utilization and bacterial community composition in rain-fed wheat fields: current year

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