Bioactives from probiotics for dermal health: functions and benefits

Abstract

SummaryProbiotics have been extensively reviewed for decades, emphasizing on improving general gut health. Recently, more studies showed that probiotics may exert other health-promoting effects beyond gut well-being, attributed to the rise of the gut-brain axis correlations. Some of these new benefits include skin health such as improving atopic eczema, atopic dermatitis, healing of burn and scars, skin-rejuvenating properties and improving skin innate immunity. Increasing evidence has also showed that bacterial compounds such as cell wall fragments, their metabolites and dead bacteria can elicit certain immune responses on the skin and improve skin barrier functions. This review aimed to underline the mechanisms or the exact compounds underlying the benefits of bacterial extract on the skin based on evidences from in vivo and in vitro studies. This review could be of help in screening of probiotic strains with potential dermal enhancing properties for topical applications.

Bacterial Derivatives of Lactococcus lactis and Ectoin for Atopic Dermatitis: Dermal Compatibility and Cosmetic Acceptability

“…an improvement to the innate immunity of the skin [23]. Likewise, administering during pregnancy and early infancy can reduce the risk of eczema developing [20].…”

“…Likewise, administering during pregnancy and early infancy can reduce the risk of eczema developing [20]. More recently, topical application of probiotics and bacterial composites such as the cellular wall, its metabolites and dead bacteria has also been shown to produce certain immunity responses in the skin and to improve and reinforce the skin barrier [23][24][25].In cases of AD selective defects exist in the expression of the multiple genes which codify the corneal layer of the skin, including the filaggrin or the loricrin which only show 2% of the normal level, with structural alterations and a reduction in the corneocytes and the intercellular lipids. As a result, the whole process of terminal differentiation of the keratinocytes (cytoplasmic compaction, cornification and the release of lipids) necessary for the establishment of the barrier function is defective [37].…”

“…Recent studies suggest that the use of probiotics provides benefits in terms of skin health and can help to prevent AD [20][21][22]. Similarly, non-viable bacterial derivatives have been shown to exert antimicrobial and immunomodulating action and can elicit certain immune responses on the skin and improve skin barrier functions [23]. It has been found that the application of lysates of probiotic bacteria, such as the Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium species, on in vitro models increase the barrier function through the modulation of tight-junction protein components and decrease skin reactivity, the release of cytokines and signs of inflammation [24,25].…”

Probiotics in personal care products

“…Most of the probiotics are lactic bacteria belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, as well as other bacterial genera and yeasts (e.g., Saccharomyces) [1,3,4,7,51]. The prophylactic effect of probiotics has been reported and encouraged after surgery to prevent Clostridium difficile infection [2].…”

“…In the last few years, however, there have been reports on the potential use of probiotics on the skin [7,51,53]. It has been suggested that probiotics ingested orally exerted their effects on the skin via mechanisms initiated in the gut, mostly due to changes in systemic immune responses such as modulating specific T-cells and stimulating toll-like receptors [4,7,31,47].…”