Bioactive glasses and glass–ceramics for hyperthermia treatment of cancer: state-of-art, challenges, and future perspectives

Abstract

Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics are well-proven potential biomaterials for bone-tissue engineering applications because of their compositional flexibility. Many research groups have been focused to explore the utility of bioactive glass–ceramics beyond bone engineering to hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Hyperthermia refers to raising the temperature of tumor close to 44°C at which malignant cells perish with negligible harm to normal cells. Hyperthermia can be employed by many means such as by ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, infrared radiations, alternating magnetic fields, etc. Magnetic bioactive glass–ceramics are advantageous over other potential candidates for thermoseeds such as nanofluids, superparamagnetic nanoparticles because they can bond not only to the natural bone but also with soft tissues in few cases, which helps regenerating the affected part due to its bioactive nature. Strict restrictions on clinical settings ( < ) force the research activities to be more focused on material characteristics to raise the implant temperature to required ranges. Lots of efforts have been made in past years to tackle these challenges and design best-suited glass–ceramics for hyperthermia treatment. This review aims to provide essential information on the concept of hyperthermia treatment of cancer and recent developments in the field of bioactive glass–ceramics for cancer treatment. The advantages and disadvantages of magnetic glass–ceramics over other potential thermoseed materials are highlighted. In this field, the major challenges are to develop magnetic glasses, which have fast and bulk crystallization with optimized magnetic phases with lower Curie and Neel temperatures.

Iron (Fe)-doped mesoporous 45S5 bioactive glasses: Implications for cancer therapy

“…More importantly, BGs show a unique feature for regenerative medicine, i.e., their capability of bonding to human tissues, known as “bioactivity.” Over time, specific formulations of biocompatible glasses were developed to further expand and tune their biological properties for specific conditions in the body, such as cancer treatment [10] , [11] , [12] . In this regard, a series of metallic and non-metallic elements can be added to the basic composition of BGs to render anticancer activities [13] , [14] , [15] . For instance, iron (Fe) was successfully incorporated in glasses for rendering osteostimulatory multi-functions, such as improved bone metabolism through enhanced calcification, osteoblast proliferation, as well as apatite-forming ability [16] , [17] , [18] .…”

Mitochondria-Targeting Chemodynamic Therapy Nanodrugs for Cancer Treatment

“…The slower reaction rate of CDT based on Fenton reaction is also a major factor limitation of the effectiveness of CDT ( Cao et al, 2021 ). The high temperature from hyperthermia therapy (HT) can improve the rate of the Fenton/Fenton-like reaction to greatly increase the efficacy of CDT ( Liu et al, 2019 ; Danewalia and Singh, 2021 ). Recently, Shen et al (2020) reported MnFe 2 O 4 NPs functionalized with Ir (III) complexes (Ir@MnFe 2 O 4 NPs) for magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) enhanced CDT.…”

Emerging Bismuth Chalcogenides Based Nanodrugs for Cancer Radiotherapy

“…In recent years, photothermal therapy (PTT), as a specific emerging cancer therapy, has been extensively researched in the field of tumor treatment (Liu et al, 2019;Danewalia and Singh, 2021). Many transition metal nanomaterials have been researched for PTT, such as MoS 2 -based nanomaterials (Jianling , CoS 2 nanomaterials (Wang et al, 2020a), copper-based nanomaterials (Ai et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021b;Li et al, 2021), titanium-based nanomaterials (Wang et al, 2020b;Wang et al, 2021c), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) (Yao et al, 2021b), etc.…”