Bioactive food and exercise in chronic kidney disease: Targeting the mitochondria

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects 10%-15% of the population, associates with a range of complications-such as cardiovascular disease, frailty, infections, muscle and bone disorders and premature ageing-that could be related to alterations of mitochondrial number, distribution, structure and function. As mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics and the dynamic mitochondrial networks directly or indirectly regulate numerous intra-and extracellular functions, the mitochondria have emerged as an important target for interventions aiming at preventing or improving the treatment of complications in CKD. In this review, we discuss the possible role of bioactive food compounds and exercise in the modulation of the disturbed mitochondrial function in a uraemic milieu.

Reduction of mitochondria and up regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 of skeletal muscle in patients with chronic kidney disease

“…Similar to this finding, we observed a significant decrease in HGS in stage 4 and 5 CKD patients. Nutritional conditions can influence muscle strength . Indeed, malnutrition was observed in CKD patients in our study, manifesting in low haemoglobin and serum albumin levels.…”

“…Detection of mtDNA replication and mitochondrial volume density may further confirm mitochondrial biogenesis in the CKD group. A decrease in PGC‐1α has been observed in various studies on CKD patients, and sample size limitations may contribute to inconsistent results. Drp1 and Mfn1 are members of the dynamin‐related protein (DRP) family .…”

Temporal Alterations in Mitochondrial β-Oxidation and Oxidative Stress Aggravate Chronic Kidney Disease Development in 5/6 Nephrectomy Induced Renal Damage

“…Therefore, the results we present in this work should be taken with caution if they are to be extrapolated to other models of kidney damage. However, growing evidence suggests that renal mitochondrial alterations participate in the progression of several types of CKD in both non-diabetic and diabetic contexts [ 4 , 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 45 , 52 ].…”

“…On the other hand, renal function highly depends on mitochondrial function, making mitochondrial pathologies a common factor in the development of various kidney diseases [8,9]. Moreover, recent works suggest that renal mitochondrial alterations participate in the progression of several types of CKD in non-diabetic and in diabetic contexts [4,[10][11][12][13]. We recently showed that in folic acid-induced renal damage, mitochondria suffer pathological alterations, especially in bioenergetics and fatty acids (FA) β-oxidation parameters, that change along the transition to CKD [10].…”

Melatonin Improves Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in the Kidney of Zücker Diabetic Fatty Rats

“…Indeed, a shift in this balance has been linked with mitochondrial dysfunction and implicated in several diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and their related nephropathy (reviewed in [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]). Studies in different animal models reveal that mitochondrial impairment is characterized by dynamic imbalance, reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, mitophagy and creating a mitochondrial prooxidant state, which worsens the renal function in obesity and diabetes (reviewed in [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]). In fact, a rise in the phosphorylation of Drp1atserine 616 (p-Drp1ser616) exhibited a positive relationship with exaggerated fat amount and increased insulin resistance [ 12 ], and the genetic ablation of Drp1 deteriorates mitochondrial function, including the decreased activity of complexes I, III and IV [ 13 ].…”