Bioactive bacterial cellulose sulfate electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering applications

Abstract

Cellulosic materials have been of tremendous importance to mankind since its discovery due to its superior properties and its abundance in nature. Recently, an increase in demand for alternate green materials has rekindled the interest for cellulosic materials. Here, bacterial cellulose has been functionalized with sulfate groups through acetosulfation to gain solubility in aqueous media, which provides access to several applications. The cell viability, antioxidant, and hemocompatibility assays have verified the biocompatible and antioxidant characteristics of bacterial cellulose sulfate (BCS) in both in vitro and ex vivo conditions. Further, novel BCS/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers were fabricated by simple electrospinning route to engineer ultrafine nanoscale fibers. The biological evaluation of BCS/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber scaffolds was done using L929 mouse fibroblast cells, which confirmed that these nanofibers are excellent matrices for cell adhesion and proliferation.

Recent Advances in Artificially Sulfated Polysaccharides for Applications in Cell Growth and Differentiation, Drug Delivery, and Tissue Engineering

“…In addition, fruitful results have been generated within the fields of carriers and scaffolds during the last ten years . In 2009, Heinze and co‐workers reported a new method to prepare polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) capsules by using CS and poly(dimethyldiallyammonium chloride) in an ionic liquid .…”

“…In the same year, Palaninathan et al. blended sulfated bacterial cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol to fabricate nanofibers, which demonstrated remarkable properties for various biomedical and tissue engineering applications …”

“…[57] In addition, fruitfulr esults have been generated within the fields of carriers and scaffolds during the last ten years. [58][59][60][61][62][63] In 2009, Heinze and co-workersr eported an ew method to prepare polyelectrolytec omplex (PEC) capsules by using CS and poly(dimethyldiallyammonium chloride)i na ni onic liquid. [58] The mechanical stabilityo fc apsules prepared in an ionic liquid from water-insoluble CS with al ow DS S was much greater than that of those capsules preparedi nw ater.I n2 007, Hartig et al studied the effects of the molecular weights of CS on related PEC physicochemical properties.…”

“…In the same year,P alaninathan et al blended sulfated bacterial cellulosea nd polyvinyl alcohol to fabricate nanofibers, which demonstrated remarkable properties for various biomedical and tissue engineering applications. [63] The structure mainly determinest he properties of the synthesized sulfated compounds and both affect their further applications.B ased on many studies to date, the characteristics and biological activities of CS materials are mainly dependent on the chemical structures, such as DS ascribed to sulfate groups; overall charges of the polymers;a nd the molecular weight. In addition, the overall charges highly depend on the total DSs, and the effect of overall charges can thus be correlated to the total DSs.…”

High catalytic performance of the first electrospun nano‐biohybrid, Mn3O4/copper complex/polyvinyl alcohol, from Amaranthus spinosus plant for biomimetic oxidation reactions

“…A potential option in this regard is to develop electrospun nanofibers using these materials. Their very high surface‐to‐volume ratio makes the nanofiber‐based polymers well suited for a broad spectrum of applications, including those related to air filtration, water purification, heterogeneous catalysis, environmental protection, smart textiles, surface coating, energy harvesting/conversion/storage, encapsulation of bioactive species, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine . However, preparation of this type of nanomaterials is key for actual industrial applications .…”