Bioactive and Biocompatible Polymeric Composites Based on Amorphous Calcium Phosphate

Antonucci, Joseph M.; Škrtić, Drago

doi:10.1002/9781118482513.ch3

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Zirconia-hybridized ACP (Zr-ACP) was synthesized as originally reported in [3, 4]. The amorphous state of the filler ACP was verified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD; Rigaku DMAX 2000 X-ray diffractometer; Rigaku/USA Inc., Danvers, MA, USA) and Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FTIR; Nicolet Magna-IR FTIR 550 spectrophotometer; Nicolet Instrumentations, Madison, WI, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These ions are essential building blocks needed for the mineral recovery of caries-damaged tooth hard tissues (enamel, dentin). When embedded in polymeric methacrylate matrices [3, 4], and exposed to an aqueous environment, these ACP composites release remineralizing ions in a sustained manner and at levels sufficient to promote formation of thermodynamically stable, apatitic tooth mineral [5, 6]. A mixture of crystalline calcium phosphates, i.e., tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous in a diluted phosphate solution, that hardens in situ and also forms apatite as the main product has been used as calcium phosphate cement (CPC) in restorative dentistry and orthopedics for hard tissue recovery since its introduction in 1986 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-Tuning of Polymeric Resins and their Interfaces with Amorphous Calcium Phosphate. A Strategy for Designing Effective Remineralizing Dental Composites

Antonucci

Škrtić

2010

Polymers

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For over a decade our group has been designing, preparing and evaluating bioactive, remineralizing composites based on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) fillers embedded in polymerized methacrylate resin matrices. In these studies a major focus has been on exploring structure-property relationships of the matrix phase of these composites on their anti-cariogenic potential. The main challenges were to gain a better understanding of polymer matrix/filler interfacial properties through controlling the surface properties of the fillers or through fine-tuning of the resin matrix. In this work, we describe the effect of chemical structure and composition of the resin matrices on some of the critical physicochemical properties of the copolymers and their ACP composites. Such structure-property studies are essential in formulating clinically effective products, and this knowledge base is likely to have strong impact on the future design of therapeutic materials, appropriate for mineral restoration in defective tooth structures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-Tuning of Polymeric Resins and their Interfaces with Amorphous Calcium Phosphate. A Strategy for Designing Effective Remineralizing Dental Composites

Antonucci

Škrtić

2010

Polymers

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“…These composites have been shown to promote the recovery of mineral deficient tooth structure in in vitro situations such as remineralization of artificially produced, caries-like lesions in bovine enamel [33]. The bioactivity of these materials originates from the propensity of ACP, once exposed to oral fluids with fluctuating pH, which include those with acidic low pH, to release calcium and phosphate ions in a sustained manner while spontaneously converting to thermodynamically stable apatitic structures such as HAP [34, 35]. It has also been demonstrated that the released calcium and phosphate ions in saliva milieus create local calcium- and phosphate-enriched super-saturation conditions favorable for the regeneration of tooth mineral lost to decay or wear because these ions can be deposited into tooth structures as apatitic mineral, which is similar to the HAP found naturally in tooth and bone [36, 37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and dynamical studies of acid-mediated conversion in amorphous-calcium-phosphate based dental composites

et al. 2014

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Objective To investigate the complex structural and dynamical conversion process of the amorphous-calcium-phosphate (ACP) -to-apatite transition in ACP based dental composite materials. Methods Composite disks were prepared using zirconia hybridized ACP fillers (0.4 mass fraction) and photo-activated Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin (0.6 mass fraction). We performed an investigation of the solution-mediated ACP-to-apatite conversion mechanism in controlled acidic aqueous environment with in situ ultra-small angle X-ray scattering based coherent X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray diffraction, as well as other complementary techniques. Results We established that the ACP-to-apatite conversion in ACP composites is a two-step process, owing to the sensitivity to local structural changes provided by coherent X-rays. Initially, ACP undergoes a local microstructural rearrangement without losing its amorphous character. We established the catalytic role of the acid and found the time scale of this rearrangement strongly depends on the pH of the solution, which agrees with previous findings about ACP without the polymer matrix being present. In the second step, ACP is converted to an apatitic form with the crystallinity of the formed crystallites being poor. Separately, we also confirmed that in the regular Zr-modified ACP the rate of ACP conversion to hydroxyapatite is slowed significantly compared to unmodified ACP, which is beneficial for targeted slow release of functional calcium and phosphate ions from dental composite materials. Significance For the first time, we were able to follow the complete solution-mediated transition process from ACP to apatite in this class of dental composites in a controlled aqueous environment. A two-step process, suggested previously, was conclusively identified.

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“…Consequently, ACP polymeric composites are mechanically inferior to surface-treated, glass-reinforced resin materials [36,44]. Moreover, the state of ACP agglomeration also affects the ion release from the polymeric ACP composites [46].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Polymeric Composites for Tooth Mineral Regeneration: Physicochemical and Cellular Aspects

Škrtić

Antonucci

2011

JFB

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Our studies of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-based dental materials are focused on the design of bioactive, non-degradable, biocompatible, polymeric composites derived from acrylic monomer systems and ACP by photochemical or chemically activated polymerization. Their intended uses include remineralizing bases/liners, orthodontic adhesives and/or endodontic sealers. The bioactivity of these materials originates from the propensity of ACP, once exposed to oral fluids, to release Ca and PO4 ions (building blocks of tooth and bone mineral) in a sustained manner while spontaneously converting to thermodynamically stable apatite. As a result of ACP’s bioactivity, local Ca- and PO4-enriched environments are created with supersaturation conditions favorable for the regeneration of tooth mineral lost to decay or wear. Besides its applicative purpose, our research also seeks to expand the fundamental knowledge base of structure-composition-property relationships existing in these complex systems and identify the mechanisms that govern filler/polymer and composite/tooth interfacial phenomena. In addition to an extensive physicochemical evaluation, we also assess the leachability of the unreacted monomers and in vitro cellular responses to these types of dental materials. The systematic physicochemical and cellular assessments presented in this study typically provide model materials suitable for further animal and/or clinical testing. In addition to their potential dental clinical value, these studies suggest the future development of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials based on composite materials derived from biodegradable polymers and ACP, and designed primarily for general bone tissue regeneration.

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Bioactive and Biocompatible Polymeric Composites Based on Amorphous Calcium Phosphate

Cited by 7 publications

References 97 publications

Fine-Tuning of Polymeric Resins and their Interfaces with Amorphous Calcium Phosphate. A Strategy for Designing Effective Remineralizing Dental Composites

Fine-Tuning of Polymeric Resins and their Interfaces with Amorphous Calcium Phosphate. A Strategy for Designing Effective Remineralizing Dental Composites

Structural and dynamical studies of acid-mediated conversion in amorphous-calcium-phosphate based dental composites

Bioactive Polymeric Composites for Tooth Mineral Regeneration: Physicochemical and Cellular Aspects

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